Treatment effect of combining bevacizumab with avelumab. A, Kaplan–Meier curves showing overall survival of patients treated with bevacizumab (blue) versus those never treated with bevacizumab (red). B, Difference of cytokine NPX comparing baseline, avelumab treated and avelumab combined with bevacizumab. C, Differentially expressed CD4⁺ T cells EMRA and γδT cells in patients’ samples treated with avelumab alone (red) combined with bevacizumab (green).