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Table 1.

Summary of case control studies on NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphisms and lung, bladder, and colorectal cancer risk

First authorYear of publicationCountryControl sourceEthnicityCasesFrequency of CT/TTControlsFrequency of CT/TTCrude OR* (95% CI)Adjusted OR* (95% CI)Adjustment factorsRef.
Lung cancer             
    Lawson† 2005 Finland Population based (nested case-control) White 353 0.31 360 0.33 0.93 (0.68-1.27) 0.93 (0.67-1.28) Age, no. cigarettes smoked, years smoked, and intervention assignment (45) 
    Sorensen 2005 Denmark Population based (case-cohort) White 256 0.36 269 0.34 1.13 (0.76-1.64)‡ 1.11 (0.75-1.63)‡ Duration of smoking (40) 
         0.89 (0.36-2.20)§ 0.90 (0.37-2.16)§   
    Skuladottir∥ 2005 Denmark Mixed White 232 0.29 346 0.34 0.79 (0.53-1.20) 0.74 (0.47-1.14) Age, sex, and study (39) 
    Alexandrie 2004 Sweden Laboratory workers White 524 0.34 530 0.31 1.17 (0.90-1.52)‡ 1.11 (0.76-1.60)‡ Age and sex (26) 
         1.30 (0.53-3.18)§ 1.41 (0.45-4.36)§   
    Lewis 2001 United Kingdom Hospital White 94 0.32 165 0.24 1.52 (0.83-2.77) 1.31 (0.66-2.58) Age, sex, and pack-year smoked (32) 
    Xu 2001 United States Friends/Family White (97%) 814 0.35 1,123 0.35 1.00 (0.83-1.21)   (16) 
    Benhamou 2001 France Hospital White 150 0.43 172 0.39 1.20 (0.77-1.87) 1.20 (0.70-2.0) Age, sex, smoking, and occupation exposure (27) 
    Hung Unpublished** Eastern Europe Hospital White 2,224 0.33 2,279 0.33 1.04 (0.92-1.18)   (44) 
    Lan 2004 China Population based Chinese 119 0.69 109 0.71 0.92 (0.52-1.62) 0.91 (0.51-1.62) Sex and pack-year smoked (31) 
    Liang 2004 China Hospital Chinese 152 0.77 152 0.65 1.66 (1.01-2.74)   (33) 
    Lin 2003 Taiwan Hospital Chinese 198 0.71 332 0.71 0.99 (0.67-1.46) 0.93 (0.63-1.23) Age, sex, and smoking status (36) 
    Yin 2001 China Hospital Chinese 84 0.67 84 0.69 0.90 (0.47-1.71)   (43) 
    Lin 2000 China Hospital Chinese 95 0.87 136 0.70 2.89 (1.43-5.87)   (34) 
    Sunaga†† 2002 Japan Hospital Japanese 198 0.58 152 0.66 0.76 (0.48-1.20)‡ 0.69 (0.67-0.72)‡ Age, sex, and smoking status (41) 
         0.60 (0.30-1.18)§ 0.47 (0.22-0.97)§   
    Hamajima 2002 Japan Hospital Japanese 192 0.55 640 0.63 0.72 (0.52-1.00) 0.71 (0.50-1.0) Age and sex (30) 
    Saldivar 2005 United States Private physician group White 683 0.34 683 0.30 1.19 (0.95-1.50) 1.19 (0.95-1.50) Age, sex, and smoking status (38) 
    African American 107 0.37 107 0.36 1.08 (0.62-1.89) 1.08 (0.62-1.90)   
    Hispanic 36 0.58 36 0.58 1.00 (0.39-2.55) 0.99 (0.38-2.58)   
    Bock‡‡ 2005 United States Population based White 130 0.28 144 0.40 0.61 (0.37-1.01) 0.62 (0.37-1.05) Age and sex (28) 
    African American 31 0.32 29 0.28 1.25 (0.41-3.79) 0.78 (0.22-2.75)   
    Chen 1999 United States, Hawaii Population based Japanese 109 0.44 167 0.62 0.73 (0.44-1.22)‡ 0.8 (0.4-1.5)‡ Age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, saturated fat, and vegetable intake (29) 
         0.33 (0.13-0.82)§ 0.3 (0.1-0.7)§   
    White 135 0.40 171 0.39 1.06 (0.67-1.68) 0.8 (0.4-1.5)   
    Hawaiian 83 0.27 102 0.41 0.52 (0.28-0.96) 0.6 (0.2-1.3)   
    Wiencke 1997 United States Community African American 116 0.34 136 0.39 0.79 (0.47-1.33)   (42) 
    Hispanic 61 0.52 161 0.68 0.53 (0.29-0.96)    
Bladder cancer             
    Broberg 2005 Sweden Population based White 61 0.30 156 0.31 0.70 (0.35-1.43)‡ 0.72 (0.34-1.50)‡ Age, sex, and smoking (46) 
         4.15 (0.95-18.12)§ 3.90 (0.85-18.0)§   
    Terry 2005 United States Hospital Mostly White (>90%) 235 0.34 214 0.30 1.19 (0.80-1.77) 1.10 (0.70-1.70) Age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking (53) 
    Hung 2004 Italy Hospital White 201 0.44 214 0.37 1.33 (0.90-1.97) 1.32 (0.87-2.00) Age, education, and pack-year smoked (48) 
    Sanyal 2004 Sweden Same geographic area White 299 0.31 124 0.33 0.91 (0.58-1.43)   (52) 
    Park 2003 United States Private physician group White 232 0.39 239 0.32 1.36 (0.93-1.99) 1.51 (1.01-2.25) Age, sex, and smoking status (50) 
    Schulz 1997 Germany University White 99 0.31 260 0.25 1.37 (0.82-2.28)   (54) 
    Moore 2004 Argentina Population based Hispanic 106 0.42 108 0.44 0.92 (0.54-1.58)   (49) 
    Choi 2003 Korea Hospital Korean 177 0.54 170 0.62 0.72 (0.47-1.10) 0.63 (0.37-1.00) Age, urinary track stones, and smoking (47) 
Colorectal cancer             
    van der Logt 2005 Netherlands Population based White 371 0.39 415 0.30 1.52 (1.13-2.04) 1.60 (1.03-2.40) Age and sex (59) 
    Mitrou 2002 United Kingdom Screening trial White 206 0.36 345 0.33 1.18 (0.82-1.69) 0.97 (0.65-1.46) Age and sex (57) 
    Sachse 2002 United Kingdom Population based White 490 0.42 593 0.41 1.03 (0.81-1.31)   (58) 
    Lafuente 2000 Spain Hospital White 247 0.24 296 0.20 1.27 (0.85-1.91)   (56) 
    Harth 2000 Germany Population White 323 0.35 205 0.34 1.05 (0.73-1.52)   (55) 
    Hamajima 2002 Japan Hospital Japanese 146 0.58 640 0.63 0.84 (0.58-1.21) 0.95 (0.58-1.57)§§ Age and sex (30) 
          0.74 (0.45-1.22)∥∥   
First authorYear of publicationCountryControl sourceEthnicityCasesFrequency of CT/TTControlsFrequency of CT/TTCrude OR* (95% CI)Adjusted OR* (95% CI)Adjustment factorsRef.
Lung cancer             
    Lawson† 2005 Finland Population based (nested case-control) White 353 0.31 360 0.33 0.93 (0.68-1.27) 0.93 (0.67-1.28) Age, no. cigarettes smoked, years smoked, and intervention assignment (45) 
    Sorensen 2005 Denmark Population based (case-cohort) White 256 0.36 269 0.34 1.13 (0.76-1.64)‡ 1.11 (0.75-1.63)‡ Duration of smoking (40) 
         0.89 (0.36-2.20)§ 0.90 (0.37-2.16)§   
    Skuladottir∥ 2005 Denmark Mixed White 232 0.29 346 0.34 0.79 (0.53-1.20) 0.74 (0.47-1.14) Age, sex, and study (39) 
    Alexandrie 2004 Sweden Laboratory workers White 524 0.34 530 0.31 1.17 (0.90-1.52)‡ 1.11 (0.76-1.60)‡ Age and sex (26) 
         1.30 (0.53-3.18)§ 1.41 (0.45-4.36)§   
    Lewis 2001 United Kingdom Hospital White 94 0.32 165 0.24 1.52 (0.83-2.77) 1.31 (0.66-2.58) Age, sex, and pack-year smoked (32) 
    Xu 2001 United States Friends/Family White (97%) 814 0.35 1,123 0.35 1.00 (0.83-1.21)   (16) 
    Benhamou 2001 France Hospital White 150 0.43 172 0.39 1.20 (0.77-1.87) 1.20 (0.70-2.0) Age, sex, smoking, and occupation exposure (27) 
    Hung Unpublished** Eastern Europe Hospital White 2,224 0.33 2,279 0.33 1.04 (0.92-1.18)   (44) 
    Lan 2004 China Population based Chinese 119 0.69 109 0.71 0.92 (0.52-1.62) 0.91 (0.51-1.62) Sex and pack-year smoked (31) 
    Liang 2004 China Hospital Chinese 152 0.77 152 0.65 1.66 (1.01-2.74)   (33) 
    Lin 2003 Taiwan Hospital Chinese 198 0.71 332 0.71 0.99 (0.67-1.46) 0.93 (0.63-1.23) Age, sex, and smoking status (36) 
    Yin 2001 China Hospital Chinese 84 0.67 84 0.69 0.90 (0.47-1.71)   (43) 
    Lin 2000 China Hospital Chinese 95 0.87 136 0.70 2.89 (1.43-5.87)   (34) 
    Sunaga†† 2002 Japan Hospital Japanese 198 0.58 152 0.66 0.76 (0.48-1.20)‡ 0.69 (0.67-0.72)‡ Age, sex, and smoking status (41) 
         0.60 (0.30-1.18)§ 0.47 (0.22-0.97)§   
    Hamajima 2002 Japan Hospital Japanese 192 0.55 640 0.63 0.72 (0.52-1.00) 0.71 (0.50-1.0) Age and sex (30) 
    Saldivar 2005 United States Private physician group White 683 0.34 683 0.30 1.19 (0.95-1.50) 1.19 (0.95-1.50) Age, sex, and smoking status (38) 
    African American 107 0.37 107 0.36 1.08 (0.62-1.89) 1.08 (0.62-1.90)   
    Hispanic 36 0.58 36 0.58 1.00 (0.39-2.55) 0.99 (0.38-2.58)   
    Bock‡‡ 2005 United States Population based White 130 0.28 144 0.40 0.61 (0.37-1.01) 0.62 (0.37-1.05) Age and sex (28) 
    African American 31 0.32 29 0.28 1.25 (0.41-3.79) 0.78 (0.22-2.75)   
    Chen 1999 United States, Hawaii Population based Japanese 109 0.44 167 0.62 0.73 (0.44-1.22)‡ 0.8 (0.4-1.5)‡ Age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, saturated fat, and vegetable intake (29) 
         0.33 (0.13-0.82)§ 0.3 (0.1-0.7)§   
    White 135 0.40 171 0.39 1.06 (0.67-1.68) 0.8 (0.4-1.5)   
    Hawaiian 83 0.27 102 0.41 0.52 (0.28-0.96) 0.6 (0.2-1.3)   
    Wiencke 1997 United States Community African American 116 0.34 136 0.39 0.79 (0.47-1.33)   (42) 
    Hispanic 61 0.52 161 0.68 0.53 (0.29-0.96)    
Bladder cancer             
    Broberg 2005 Sweden Population based White 61 0.30 156 0.31 0.70 (0.35-1.43)‡ 0.72 (0.34-1.50)‡ Age, sex, and smoking (46) 
         4.15 (0.95-18.12)§ 3.90 (0.85-18.0)§   
    Terry 2005 United States Hospital Mostly White (>90%) 235 0.34 214 0.30 1.19 (0.80-1.77) 1.10 (0.70-1.70) Age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking (53) 
    Hung 2004 Italy Hospital White 201 0.44 214 0.37 1.33 (0.90-1.97) 1.32 (0.87-2.00) Age, education, and pack-year smoked (48) 
    Sanyal 2004 Sweden Same geographic area White 299 0.31 124 0.33 0.91 (0.58-1.43)   (52) 
    Park 2003 United States Private physician group White 232 0.39 239 0.32 1.36 (0.93-1.99) 1.51 (1.01-2.25) Age, sex, and smoking status (50) 
    Schulz 1997 Germany University White 99 0.31 260 0.25 1.37 (0.82-2.28)   (54) 
    Moore 2004 Argentina Population based Hispanic 106 0.42 108 0.44 0.92 (0.54-1.58)   (49) 
    Choi 2003 Korea Hospital Korean 177 0.54 170 0.62 0.72 (0.47-1.10) 0.63 (0.37-1.00) Age, urinary track stones, and smoking (47) 
Colorectal cancer             
    van der Logt 2005 Netherlands Population based White 371 0.39 415 0.30 1.52 (1.13-2.04) 1.60 (1.03-2.40) Age and sex (59) 
    Mitrou 2002 United Kingdom Screening trial White 206 0.36 345 0.33 1.18 (0.82-1.69) 0.97 (0.65-1.46) Age and sex (57) 
    Sachse 2002 United Kingdom Population based White 490 0.42 593 0.41 1.03 (0.81-1.31)   (58) 
    Lafuente 2000 Spain Hospital White 247 0.24 296 0.20 1.27 (0.85-1.91)   (56) 
    Harth 2000 Germany Population White 323 0.35 205 0.34 1.05 (0.73-1.52)   (55) 
    Hamajima 2002 Japan Hospital Japanese 146 0.58 640 0.63 0.84 (0.58-1.21) 0.95 (0.58-1.57)§§ Age and sex (30) 
          0.74 (0.45-1.22)∥∥   
*

ORs are (C/T+T/T) vs C/C unless otherwise specified.

†

Males with a smoking history only.

‡

OR C/T vs C/C.

§

OR T/T vs C/C.

∥

Pooled study: all subjects under 60 years (non–small cell lung cancer).

Smokers only.

**

Study period: 1998-2002.

††

Adenocarcinoma only.

‡‡

Never smokers only.

§§

OR (C/T+T/T) vs C/C for colon cancer.

∥∥

OR (C/T+T/T) vs C/C for rectum cancer.

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