Levels of total NNAL, total cotinine, and total nicotine in the urine of 144 infants exposed to ETS
| . | % (n) . | Mean ± SD . | Range . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All samples | ||||||
| Total NNAL (pmol/mL) | 100 (144) | 0.083 ± 0.200 | ND*-2.12 | |||
| Total cotinine (nmol/mL) | 100 (144) | 0.133 ± 0.190 | ND-1.81 | |||
| Total nicotine (nmol/mL) | 100 (144) | 0.069 ± 0.102 | ND-1.02 | |||
| Samples with detectable biomarkers | ||||||
| Total NNAL (pmol/mL) | 46.5 (67) | 0.179 ± 0.264 | 0.029-2.12 | |||
| Total cotinine (nmol/mL) | 93.1 (134) | 0.143 ± 0.194 | 0.006-1.81 | |||
| Total nicotine (nmol/mL) | 97.9 (141) | 0.070 ± 0.103 | 0.006-1.02 | |||
| . | % (n) . | Mean ± SD . | Range . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All samples | ||||||
| Total NNAL (pmol/mL) | 100 (144) | 0.083 ± 0.200 | ND*-2.12 | |||
| Total cotinine (nmol/mL) | 100 (144) | 0.133 ± 0.190 | ND-1.81 | |||
| Total nicotine (nmol/mL) | 100 (144) | 0.069 ± 0.102 | ND-1.02 | |||
| Samples with detectable biomarkers | ||||||
| Total NNAL (pmol/mL) | 46.5 (67) | 0.179 ± 0.264 | 0.029-2.12 | |||
| Total cotinine (nmol/mL) | 93.1 (134) | 0.143 ± 0.194 | 0.006-1.81 | |||
| Total nicotine (nmol/mL) | 97.9 (141) | 0.070 ± 0.103 | 0.006-1.02 | |||
Abbreviation: ND, not detected (below the limit of quantitation).
Detection limits were calculated for each sample and were as follows: total NNAL (0.09-0.36 pmol/mL), total cotinine (0.5-2 ng/mL), and total nicotine (0.5-2 ng/mL). A value of zero was used for samples which were below the limit of detection. To convert nmol cotinine to ng, multiply by 176; for nicotine, multiply by 162.