Changes in health-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, dietary supplement use, and cancer screening) among colon cancer survivors and population-based controls in North Carolina (N = 737)
| Characteristic . | Survivors (n = 278) . | . | . | . | Controls (n = 459) . | . | . | . | P value for change* . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | NCCCS . | NC STRIDES . | Change† . | P value‡ . | NCCCS . | NC STRIDES . | Change† . | P value‡ . | . | |||||||||
| Fruits and fruit juices§, servings per day (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| <2 | 37.6 | 37.0 | −0.6 | 0.86 | 31.3 | 32.0 | 0.7 | 0.60 | 0.48 | |||||||||
| 2-4.9 | 49.6 | 48.6 | −1.0 | 52.8 | 54.5 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 1.6 | 15.9 | 13.5 | −2.4 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.8 (1.8) | 2.9 (1.9) | 0.1 | 0.71 | 3.1 (1.8) | 3.0 (2.0) | −0.1 | 0.20 | 0.96 | |||||||||
| Vegetables∥, servings per day (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| <2 | 57.9 | 47.8 | −10.1 | 0.01 | 44.4 | 41.2 | −3.2 | 0.11 | 0.17 | |||||||||
| 2-4.9 | 41.0 | 47.8 | 6.8 | 54.7 | 56.2 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.2) | 0.3 | 0.002 | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.2) | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.93 | |||||||||
| Non-occupational physical activity, metabolic equivalent task-hours/week, mean (SD) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 165 (19) | 188 (8) | 23 | 0.0001 | 167 (21) | 188 (8) | 21 | <0.0001 | 0.99 | |||||||||
| 2nd quartile | 205 (5) | 209 (5) | 4 | 206 (6) | 209 (5) | 3 | ||||||||||||
| 3rd quartile | 222 (4) | 223 (4) | 1 | 223 (4) | 222 (3) | −1 | ||||||||||||
| 4th quartile | 271 (46) | 257 (74) | −14 | 259 (26) | 251 (34) | −8 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 179 (37) | 228 (47) | 49 | 0.0001 | 187 (36) | 227 (27) | 40 | <0.0001 | 0.91 | |||||||||
| Alcohol consumption, drinks/day, mean (SD) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-drinker (%) | 65.5 | 67.5 | 2.0 | 0.35 | 66.7 | 61.8 | −4.9 | 0.74 | 0.06 | |||||||||
| Drinker category 1 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0) | 0 | 0.1 (0) | 0.1 (0) | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Drinker category 2 | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0 | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Drinker category 3 | 2.3 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.1) | −0.5 | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.7 (0.9) | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.7) | −0.1 | 0.05 | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.5) | −0.1 | 0.16 | 0.95 | |||||||||
| Dietary supplement use (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Multivitamin | 31.3 | 42.8 | 11.5 | 0.02 | 36.7 | 45.5 | 8.8 | 0.02 | 0.46 | |||||||||
| Folate (folic acid) | 1.5 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 0.005 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 0.0004 | 0.95 | |||||||||
| Antioxidant combination | 0.4 | 20.5 | 20.1 | <0.0001 | 0.9 | 29.4 | 28.5 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | |||||||||
| Minerals | 11.8 | 26.6 | 14.8 | <0.0001 | 17.0 | 26.1 | 9.1 | 0.0003 | 0.06 | |||||||||
| Adherence to American Cancer Society colon cancer screening recommendations¶,** | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fecal occult blood testing | — | — | — | — | 32.0 | 21.8 | −10.2 | 0.0005 | N/A | |||||||||
| Barium enema | — | — | — | — | 10.9 | 16.2 | 5.3 | 0.02 | N/A | |||||||||
| Sigmoidoscopy | — | — | — | — | 21.4 | 36.6 | 15.2 | <0.0001 | N/A | |||||||||
| Colonoscopy | — | — | — | — | 31.8 | 39.7 | 7.9 | 0.01 | N/A | |||||||||
| Characteristic . | Survivors (n = 278) . | . | . | . | Controls (n = 459) . | . | . | . | P value for change* . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | NCCCS . | NC STRIDES . | Change† . | P value‡ . | NCCCS . | NC STRIDES . | Change† . | P value‡ . | . | |||||||||
| Fruits and fruit juices§, servings per day (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| <2 | 37.6 | 37.0 | −0.6 | 0.86 | 31.3 | 32.0 | 0.7 | 0.60 | 0.48 | |||||||||
| 2-4.9 | 49.6 | 48.6 | −1.0 | 52.8 | 54.5 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 1.6 | 15.9 | 13.5 | −2.4 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.8 (1.8) | 2.9 (1.9) | 0.1 | 0.71 | 3.1 (1.8) | 3.0 (2.0) | −0.1 | 0.20 | 0.96 | |||||||||
| Vegetables∥, servings per day (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| <2 | 57.9 | 47.8 | −10.1 | 0.01 | 44.4 | 41.2 | −3.2 | 0.11 | 0.17 | |||||||||
| 2-4.9 | 41.0 | 47.8 | 6.8 | 54.7 | 56.2 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.2) | 0.3 | 0.002 | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.2) | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.93 | |||||||||
| Non-occupational physical activity, metabolic equivalent task-hours/week, mean (SD) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 165 (19) | 188 (8) | 23 | 0.0001 | 167 (21) | 188 (8) | 21 | <0.0001 | 0.99 | |||||||||
| 2nd quartile | 205 (5) | 209 (5) | 4 | 206 (6) | 209 (5) | 3 | ||||||||||||
| 3rd quartile | 222 (4) | 223 (4) | 1 | 223 (4) | 222 (3) | −1 | ||||||||||||
| 4th quartile | 271 (46) | 257 (74) | −14 | 259 (26) | 251 (34) | −8 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 179 (37) | 228 (47) | 49 | 0.0001 | 187 (36) | 227 (27) | 40 | <0.0001 | 0.91 | |||||||||
| Alcohol consumption, drinks/day, mean (SD) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-drinker (%) | 65.5 | 67.5 | 2.0 | 0.35 | 66.7 | 61.8 | −4.9 | 0.74 | 0.06 | |||||||||
| Drinker category 1 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0) | 0 | 0.1 (0) | 0.1 (0) | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Drinker category 2 | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0 | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Drinker category 3 | 2.3 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.1) | −0.5 | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.7 (0.9) | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.7) | −0.1 | 0.05 | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.5) | −0.1 | 0.16 | 0.95 | |||||||||
| Dietary supplement use (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Multivitamin | 31.3 | 42.8 | 11.5 | 0.02 | 36.7 | 45.5 | 8.8 | 0.02 | 0.46 | |||||||||
| Folate (folic acid) | 1.5 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 0.005 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 0.0004 | 0.95 | |||||||||
| Antioxidant combination | 0.4 | 20.5 | 20.1 | <0.0001 | 0.9 | 29.4 | 28.5 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | |||||||||
| Minerals | 11.8 | 26.6 | 14.8 | <0.0001 | 17.0 | 26.1 | 9.1 | 0.0003 | 0.06 | |||||||||
| Adherence to American Cancer Society colon cancer screening recommendations¶,** | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fecal occult blood testing | — | — | — | — | 32.0 | 21.8 | −10.2 | 0.0005 | N/A | |||||||||
| Barium enema | — | — | — | — | 10.9 | 16.2 | 5.3 | 0.02 | N/A | |||||||||
| Sigmoidoscopy | — | — | — | — | 21.4 | 36.6 | 15.2 | <0.0001 | N/A | |||||||||
| Colonoscopy | — | — | — | — | 31.8 | 39.7 | 7.9 | 0.01 | N/A | |||||||||
P value for degree or amount of change between survivors and controls.
Change = NC STRIDES − NCCCS.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and employment status.
Fruits include bananas, apples/apple sauce, grapefruit, pears, cantaloupe/honeydew melon, strawberries/other berries, oranges, peaches/nectarines, oranges, and fruit salad. Juices include apple, grape juice, or any other fruit juices.
Vegetables include string beans, green peas, lima, red, pinto beans, corn, tomatoes, broccoli, cauliflower/brussel sprouts, spinach, collard greens, cabbage/coleslaw, carrots, mixed vegetables, and green/tossed salads.
American Cancer Society recommendations: fecal occult blood testing, 2 years; barium enema, 5 years; sigmoidoscopy, 5 years; colonoscopy, 10 years.
No colon cancer screening data available for cases in NC STRIDES.