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Table 3

Regression analysis of dietary and lifestyle factors and fecal calprotectin levels

RC = regression coefficient = relative change in faecal calprotectin per unit increase in explanatory variable. Age expressed as age (years)/10. Coefficient for age is per decade. Coefficient for body mass index (BMI) is per 10 kg/m2. Smoking is expressed as pack years. Alcohol is expressed as units per week (1 unit = 8 grams of alcohol). Fruit and vegetables are as portions/pieces/servings per day. % food groups are the percentage food group of interest divided by the total number of portions/pieces/servings of all food groups in the previous week. C-reactive protein (CRP) is expressed as mg/l.

UnadjustedAdjusted for age and sexAdjusted for age, sex, stool form and NSAIDsaAdjusted for age, sex, stool form, NSAIDs and serum CRP
RC95% CIPRC95% CIPRC95% CIPRC95% CIP
Age 1.35 1.12–1.63 0.002 1.35 1.12–1.63 0.002 1.31 1.09–1.59 0.005 1.30 1.07–1.6 0.01 
Sex 0.94 0.75–1.18 0.60 0.91 0.73–1.14 0.42 0.92 0.73–1.15 0.46 0.92 0.73–1.16 0.14 
BMI 1.40 1.02–1.91 0.04 1.39 1.09–1.62 0.04 1.42 1.06–1.57 0.03 1.30 0.94–1.6 0.54 
Exercise 0.69 0.52–0.42 0.01 0.68 0.52–0.90 0.01 0.71 0.54–0.95 0.02 0.72 0.54–0.96 0.02 
Smoking 1.07 0.99–1.01 0.11 1.005 0.99–1.12 0.15 1.005 0.99–1.01 0.22 1.002 0.99–1.01 0.50 
Alcohol 0.99 0.98–1.05 0.17 0.99 0.98–1.07 0.39 0.99 0.98–1.01 0.42 0.99 0.98–1.01 0.71 
Fruit 0.95 0.87–1.04 0.30 0.95 0.87–1.05 0.33 0.95 0.87–1.04 0.29 0.95 0.86–1.04 0.59 
Vegetables 0.90 0.8–1.01 0.06 0.89 0.8–1.005 0.06 0.89 0.79–0.99 0.04 0.89 0.79–1.01 0.07 
% Carbohydrate 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.42 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.38 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.44 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.84 
% Fat 1.01 1.00–1.03 0.18 1.01 1.00–1.03 0.11 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.11 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.66 
% Fibre 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.05 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.02 0.98 0.96–0.99 0.03 0.98 0.96–0.99 0.04 
% Protein 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.30 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.24 1.01 0.99–1.04 0.35 1.01 0.98–1.38 0.34 
CRP (mg/l) 1.28 1.002–1.63 0.05 1.14 0.89–1.46 0.30 1.13 0.87–1.46 0.36 1.13b 0.87–1.46 0.36 
UnadjustedAdjusted for age and sexAdjusted for age, sex, stool form and NSAIDsaAdjusted for age, sex, stool form, NSAIDs and serum CRP
RC95% CIPRC95% CIPRC95% CIPRC95% CIP
Age 1.35 1.12–1.63 0.002 1.35 1.12–1.63 0.002 1.31 1.09–1.59 0.005 1.30 1.07–1.6 0.01 
Sex 0.94 0.75–1.18 0.60 0.91 0.73–1.14 0.42 0.92 0.73–1.15 0.46 0.92 0.73–1.16 0.14 
BMI 1.40 1.02–1.91 0.04 1.39 1.09–1.62 0.04 1.42 1.06–1.57 0.03 1.30 0.94–1.6 0.54 
Exercise 0.69 0.52–0.42 0.01 0.68 0.52–0.90 0.01 0.71 0.54–0.95 0.02 0.72 0.54–0.96 0.02 
Smoking 1.07 0.99–1.01 0.11 1.005 0.99–1.12 0.15 1.005 0.99–1.01 0.22 1.002 0.99–1.01 0.50 
Alcohol 0.99 0.98–1.05 0.17 0.99 0.98–1.07 0.39 0.99 0.98–1.01 0.42 0.99 0.98–1.01 0.71 
Fruit 0.95 0.87–1.04 0.30 0.95 0.87–1.05 0.33 0.95 0.87–1.04 0.29 0.95 0.86–1.04 0.59 
Vegetables 0.90 0.8–1.01 0.06 0.89 0.8–1.005 0.06 0.89 0.79–0.99 0.04 0.89 0.79–1.01 0.07 
% Carbohydrate 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.42 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.38 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.44 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.84 
% Fat 1.01 1.00–1.03 0.18 1.01 1.00–1.03 0.11 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.11 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.66 
% Fibre 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.05 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.02 0.98 0.96–0.99 0.03 0.98 0.96–0.99 0.04 
% Protein 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.30 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.24 1.01 0.99–1.04 0.35 1.01 0.98–1.38 0.34 
CRP (mg/l) 1.28 1.002–1.63 0.05 1.14 0.89–1.46 0.30 1.13 0.87–1.46 0.36 1.13b 0.87–1.46 0.36 
a

NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; CI, confidence interval.

b

Not adjusted for C-reactive protein.

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