Enterolactone concentration (nmol/L) and baseline characteristics of cases and controls from the MDC cohort, 1991 to 2004
| Variables . | Cases (n = 366) . | Controls (n = 733) . | P* . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENL concentration (nmol/L), median (range) | 14.5 (0.3-334) | 16.1 (0.3-115) | 0.45 | |
| Fiber intake (g/d), mean (SD) | 19.3 (6.9) | 19.1 (6.1) | 0.57 | |
| Fat intake (E %), mean (SD) | 38.4 (6.0) | 38.7 (5.9) | 0.53 | |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 57.0 (7.1) | 56.9 (7.1) | 0.85 | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 69.1 (11.3) | 69.0 (12.1) | 0.84 | |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 164.4 (5.6) | 163.8 (6.1) | 0.12 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.6 (4.2) | 25.7 (4.5) | 0.63 | |
| Age at menarche (y), mean (SD) | 13.6 (1.4) | 13.6 (1.5) | 0.85 | |
| Age at menopause (y), mean (SD) | 49.6 (4.8) | 49.4 (4.3) | 0.56 | |
| Age at birth of first child | 0.10 | |||
| ≤24 y | 161 (45 %) | 326 (46 %) | 0.91 | |
| 25-29 y | 103 (29 %) | 244 (34 %) | 0.09 | |
| ≥30 y | 46 (13 %) | 82 (11 %) | 0.49 | |
| No children | 47 (13 %) | 65 (9 %) | 0.04 | |
| Educational status | 0.59 | |||
| Elementary | 136 (37 %) | 305 (42 %) | 0.15 | |
| Primary and secondary | 121 (33 %) | 226 (31 %) | 0.47 | |
| Upper secondary | 25 (7 %) | 46 (6 %) | 0.73 | |
| Further education without degree | 21 (6 %) | 46 (6 %) | 0.72 | |
| University degree | 62 (17 %) | 106 (15 %) | 0.29 | |
| Smoking status | 0.21 | |||
| Smokers | 99 (27 %) | 200 (27 %) | 0.92 | |
| Ex-smokers | 116 (32 %) | 197 (27 %) | 0.10 | |
| Nonsmokers | 151 (41 %) | 335 (46 %) | 0.16 | |
| Alcohol habits | 0.36 | |||
| Zero consumers | 23 (6 %) | 55 (8 %) | 0.46 | |
| <15 g alcohol per d | 275 (75 %) | 561 (77 %) | 0.58 | |
| 15-30 g alcohol per d | 54 (15 %) | 100 (14 %) | 0.62 | |
| >30 g alcohol per d | 14 (4 %) | 16 (2 %) | 0.12 | |
| Leisure-time physical activity | 0.38 | |||
| Quartile 1 | 94 (26 %) | 183 (25 %) | 0.81 | |
| Quartile 2 | 100 (27 %) | 182 (25 %) | 0.38 | |
| Quartile 3 | 90 (25 %) | 168 (23 %) | 0.55 | |
| Quartile 4 | 81 (22 %) | 197 (27 %) | 0.09 | |
| Household activities (h/wk) | 0.04 | |||
| 0-9 | 67 (19 %) | 101 (14 %) | 0.06 | |
| 10-19 | 142 (39 %) | 279 (39 %) | 0.88 | |
| 20-29 | 112 (31 %) | 219 (31 %) | 0.86 | |
| ≥30 | 39 (11 %) | 117 (16 %) | 0.02 | |
| Current menopausal hormone therapy use | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 109 (32 %) | 133 (19 %) | ||
| No | 229 (68 %) | 553 (81 %) |
| Variables . | Cases (n = 366) . | Controls (n = 733) . | P* . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENL concentration (nmol/L), median (range) | 14.5 (0.3-334) | 16.1 (0.3-115) | 0.45 | |
| Fiber intake (g/d), mean (SD) | 19.3 (6.9) | 19.1 (6.1) | 0.57 | |
| Fat intake (E %), mean (SD) | 38.4 (6.0) | 38.7 (5.9) | 0.53 | |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 57.0 (7.1) | 56.9 (7.1) | 0.85 | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 69.1 (11.3) | 69.0 (12.1) | 0.84 | |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 164.4 (5.6) | 163.8 (6.1) | 0.12 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.6 (4.2) | 25.7 (4.5) | 0.63 | |
| Age at menarche (y), mean (SD) | 13.6 (1.4) | 13.6 (1.5) | 0.85 | |
| Age at menopause (y), mean (SD) | 49.6 (4.8) | 49.4 (4.3) | 0.56 | |
| Age at birth of first child | 0.10 | |||
| ≤24 y | 161 (45 %) | 326 (46 %) | 0.91 | |
| 25-29 y | 103 (29 %) | 244 (34 %) | 0.09 | |
| ≥30 y | 46 (13 %) | 82 (11 %) | 0.49 | |
| No children | 47 (13 %) | 65 (9 %) | 0.04 | |
| Educational status | 0.59 | |||
| Elementary | 136 (37 %) | 305 (42 %) | 0.15 | |
| Primary and secondary | 121 (33 %) | 226 (31 %) | 0.47 | |
| Upper secondary | 25 (7 %) | 46 (6 %) | 0.73 | |
| Further education without degree | 21 (6 %) | 46 (6 %) | 0.72 | |
| University degree | 62 (17 %) | 106 (15 %) | 0.29 | |
| Smoking status | 0.21 | |||
| Smokers | 99 (27 %) | 200 (27 %) | 0.92 | |
| Ex-smokers | 116 (32 %) | 197 (27 %) | 0.10 | |
| Nonsmokers | 151 (41 %) | 335 (46 %) | 0.16 | |
| Alcohol habits | 0.36 | |||
| Zero consumers | 23 (6 %) | 55 (8 %) | 0.46 | |
| <15 g alcohol per d | 275 (75 %) | 561 (77 %) | 0.58 | |
| 15-30 g alcohol per d | 54 (15 %) | 100 (14 %) | 0.62 | |
| >30 g alcohol per d | 14 (4 %) | 16 (2 %) | 0.12 | |
| Leisure-time physical activity | 0.38 | |||
| Quartile 1 | 94 (26 %) | 183 (25 %) | 0.81 | |
| Quartile 2 | 100 (27 %) | 182 (25 %) | 0.38 | |
| Quartile 3 | 90 (25 %) | 168 (23 %) | 0.55 | |
| Quartile 4 | 81 (22 %) | 197 (27 %) | 0.09 | |
| Household activities (h/wk) | 0.04 | |||
| 0-9 | 67 (19 %) | 101 (14 %) | 0.06 | |
| 10-19 | 142 (39 %) | 279 (39 %) | 0.88 | |
| 20-29 | 112 (31 %) | 219 (31 %) | 0.86 | |
| ≥30 | 39 (11 %) | 117 (16 %) | 0.02 | |
| Current menopausal hormone therapy use | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 109 (32 %) | 133 (19 %) | ||
| No | 229 (68 %) | 553 (81 %) |
Abbreviations: ENL, enterolactone; E %, percentage of nonalcohol energy.
P values were computed using Mann-Whitney test for enterolactone concentration, Student t test for other continuous variables, and χ2 test for categorical variables.
P values were computed using χ2 test (comparing the specific category with the rest of the variable categories).