Up-regulated genes most commonly reported in cancer versus normal expression profiling studies
| Gene name . | Description . | Studies . | Studies with fold change . | Total sample sizes . | Total sample sizes with fold change . | Mean fold change . | Range . | Validation . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TGFβI | Transforming growth factor- β induced, 68 kDa | 9 (8, 19-22, 47, 51, 54, 57) | 8 | 369 | 329 | 8.94 | 1.11-32.00 | RT-PCR (8, 19, 51, 54, 57) | ||||||||
| IFITM1 | IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27) | 9 (19, 20, 48, 51-54, 57, 58) | 4 | 351 | 187 | 7.52 | 3.00-12.00 | RT-PCR (51, 57) | ||||||||
| MYC | V-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue (avian) | 7 (20, 21, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59) | 4 | 329 | 243 | 5.02 | 1.69-7.50 | RT-PCR (6, 51, 54, 58) | ||||||||
| SPARC | Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin) | 7 (19-22, 51, 58, 59) | 5 | 244 | 180 | 6.30 | 1.27-15.00 | Immunohistochemistry (39)* | ||||||||
| GDF15 | Growth differentiation factor 15 | 7 (8, 18, 19, 21, 22, 51, 58) | 5 | 230 | 172 | 7.42 | 1.58-12.20 | RT-PCR (19, 51) | ||||||||
| Six studies: greatest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CXCL1 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth-stimulating activity, α) | 6 (17, 18, 21, 20, 54, 58) | 4 | 287 | 229 | 6.54 | 2.74-10.50 | RT-PCR (18, 21) | ||||||||
| Six studies: moderate sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CDC25B | Cell division cycle 25 homologue B (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) | 6 (17, 20, 21, 51, 57, 58) | 4 | 256 | 176 | 4.93 | 1.81-9.20 | RT-PCR (17) | ||||||||
| HMBG1 | High-mobility group box 1 | 6 (8, 22, 48, 53, 54, 58) | 3 | 264 | 161 | 3.27 | 2.66-3.91 | Western blot, immunohistochemistry (61) | ||||||||
| Six studies: lowest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| IFITM2 | IFN-induced transmembrane protein 2 (1-8D) | 6 (8, 19, 20, 52, 57, 59) | 3 | 141 | 56 | 7.09 | 3.00-13.00 | RT-PCR (32) | ||||||||
| COL1A2 | Collagen, type I, α2 | 6 (19-22, 53, 59) | 4 | 172 | 130 | 6.93 | 2.96-12.00 | None found | ||||||||
| Five studies: greatest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CKS2 | CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2 | 5 (17, 21, 22, 51, 54) | 5 | 285 | 285 | 4.21 | 1.79-7.20 | RT-PCR (17, 51) | ||||||||
| TOP2A | Topoisomerase (DNA) IIα, 170 kDa | 5 (21, 45, 51, 54, 58) | 4 | 277 | 237 | 3.61 | 1.05-5.60 | Northern blot, Western blot (62) | ||||||||
| UBE2C | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C | 5 (20-22, 48, 54) | 4 | 274 | 229 | 3.03 | 1.48-5.00 | RT-PCR (63) | ||||||||
| Five studies: moderate sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CDH3 | Cadherin 3, type 1, P-cadherin (placental) | 5 (8, 20, 21, 49, 51) | 5 | 194 | 194 | 18.16 | 2.78-74.00 | Western blot (64) | ||||||||
| INHBA | Inhibin, βA (activin A, activin AB α polypeptide) | 5 (20-22, 49, 58) | 4 | 198 | 158 | 11.05 | 1.71-37.00 | RT-PCR (65) | ||||||||
| SLC12A2 | Solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 2 | 5 (19, 48, 49, 54, 59) | 3 | 208 | 139 | 10.58 | 3.58-15.15 | RT-PCR (54) | ||||||||
| MMP11 | Matrix metallopeptidase 11 (stromelysin 3) | 5 (20-22, 49, 51) | 5 | 208 | 208 | 4.22 | 1.74-5.70 | Western blot, immunohistochemistry (66) | ||||||||
| CSE1L | CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast) | 5 (17, 20-22, 48) | 4 | 207 | 162 | 3.74 | 1.14-5.00 | None found | ||||||||
| HNRPA1 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 | 5 (19, 21, 22, 54, 57) | 4 | 243 | 203 | 2.89 | 1.01-4.50 | RT-PCR (67) | ||||||||
| Five studies: lowest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CDK10 | Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDC2-like) 10 | 5 (19-21, 45, 49) | 5 | 150 | 150 | 13.85 | 2.66-17.59 | None found | ||||||||
| COL3A1 | Collagen, type III, α1 (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, autosomal dominant) | 5 (21, 22, 47, 53, 58) | 3 | 178 | 120 | 4.31 | 1.24-9.38 | RT-PCR (53) | ||||||||
| COL4A1 | Collagen, type IV, α1 | 5 (20-22) | 3 | 168 | 126 | 2.70 | 1.05-4.00 | None found | ||||||||
| Gene name . | Description . | Studies . | Studies with fold change . | Total sample sizes . | Total sample sizes with fold change . | Mean fold change . | Range . | Validation . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TGFβI | Transforming growth factor- β induced, 68 kDa | 9 (8, 19-22, 47, 51, 54, 57) | 8 | 369 | 329 | 8.94 | 1.11-32.00 | RT-PCR (8, 19, 51, 54, 57) | ||||||||
| IFITM1 | IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27) | 9 (19, 20, 48, 51-54, 57, 58) | 4 | 351 | 187 | 7.52 | 3.00-12.00 | RT-PCR (51, 57) | ||||||||
| MYC | V-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue (avian) | 7 (20, 21, 51, 54, 56, 58, 59) | 4 | 329 | 243 | 5.02 | 1.69-7.50 | RT-PCR (6, 51, 54, 58) | ||||||||
| SPARC | Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin) | 7 (19-22, 51, 58, 59) | 5 | 244 | 180 | 6.30 | 1.27-15.00 | Immunohistochemistry (39)* | ||||||||
| GDF15 | Growth differentiation factor 15 | 7 (8, 18, 19, 21, 22, 51, 58) | 5 | 230 | 172 | 7.42 | 1.58-12.20 | RT-PCR (19, 51) | ||||||||
| Six studies: greatest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CXCL1 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth-stimulating activity, α) | 6 (17, 18, 21, 20, 54, 58) | 4 | 287 | 229 | 6.54 | 2.74-10.50 | RT-PCR (18, 21) | ||||||||
| Six studies: moderate sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CDC25B | Cell division cycle 25 homologue B (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) | 6 (17, 20, 21, 51, 57, 58) | 4 | 256 | 176 | 4.93 | 1.81-9.20 | RT-PCR (17) | ||||||||
| HMBG1 | High-mobility group box 1 | 6 (8, 22, 48, 53, 54, 58) | 3 | 264 | 161 | 3.27 | 2.66-3.91 | Western blot, immunohistochemistry (61) | ||||||||
| Six studies: lowest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| IFITM2 | IFN-induced transmembrane protein 2 (1-8D) | 6 (8, 19, 20, 52, 57, 59) | 3 | 141 | 56 | 7.09 | 3.00-13.00 | RT-PCR (32) | ||||||||
| COL1A2 | Collagen, type I, α2 | 6 (19-22, 53, 59) | 4 | 172 | 130 | 6.93 | 2.96-12.00 | None found | ||||||||
| Five studies: greatest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CKS2 | CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2 | 5 (17, 21, 22, 51, 54) | 5 | 285 | 285 | 4.21 | 1.79-7.20 | RT-PCR (17, 51) | ||||||||
| TOP2A | Topoisomerase (DNA) IIα, 170 kDa | 5 (21, 45, 51, 54, 58) | 4 | 277 | 237 | 3.61 | 1.05-5.60 | Northern blot, Western blot (62) | ||||||||
| UBE2C | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C | 5 (20-22, 48, 54) | 4 | 274 | 229 | 3.03 | 1.48-5.00 | RT-PCR (63) | ||||||||
| Five studies: moderate sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CDH3 | Cadherin 3, type 1, P-cadherin (placental) | 5 (8, 20, 21, 49, 51) | 5 | 194 | 194 | 18.16 | 2.78-74.00 | Western blot (64) | ||||||||
| INHBA | Inhibin, βA (activin A, activin AB α polypeptide) | 5 (20-22, 49, 58) | 4 | 198 | 158 | 11.05 | 1.71-37.00 | RT-PCR (65) | ||||||||
| SLC12A2 | Solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 2 | 5 (19, 48, 49, 54, 59) | 3 | 208 | 139 | 10.58 | 3.58-15.15 | RT-PCR (54) | ||||||||
| MMP11 | Matrix metallopeptidase 11 (stromelysin 3) | 5 (20-22, 49, 51) | 5 | 208 | 208 | 4.22 | 1.74-5.70 | Western blot, immunohistochemistry (66) | ||||||||
| CSE1L | CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast) | 5 (17, 20-22, 48) | 4 | 207 | 162 | 3.74 | 1.14-5.00 | None found | ||||||||
| HNRPA1 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 | 5 (19, 21, 22, 54, 57) | 4 | 243 | 203 | 2.89 | 1.01-4.50 | RT-PCR (67) | ||||||||
| Five studies: lowest sample size | ||||||||||||||||
| CDK10 | Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDC2-like) 10 | 5 (19-21, 45, 49) | 5 | 150 | 150 | 13.85 | 2.66-17.59 | None found | ||||||||
| COL3A1 | Collagen, type III, α1 (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, autosomal dominant) | 5 (21, 22, 47, 53, 58) | 3 | 178 | 120 | 4.31 | 1.24-9.38 | RT-PCR (53) | ||||||||
| COL4A1 | Collagen, type IV, α1 | 5 (20-22) | 3 | 168 | 126 | 2.70 | 1.05-4.00 | None found | ||||||||
NOTE: The 22 up-regulated genes reported in at least five independent studies with consistent direction are presented here. Genes reported by five and six studies were further subdivided into semiquantitative categories based on the lowest (Q1), moderate (interquartile range), and greatest (values greater than those in Q3) number of tissue samples to give greater importance to the average fold change criteria for ranking genes when total sample numbers were similar. Validation studies that report a gene as differentially expressed in the opposite direction from that of the meta-analysis are marked with an asterisk.