American Association for Cancer Research

Table 3

Mean supplemental fiber intake and total fiber intake during the WBF trial, by baseline characteristics (n = 1208)

Variable	n ^a	Supplemental fiber intake (g/day) Mean ± SD	Total fiber intake (g/day) Mean ± SD
Age at randomization (yr)
40.3–61.1	302	5.7 ± 4.6	23.1 ± 9.1
61.2–68.1	302	6.3 ± 4.7	24.2 ± 9.7
68.2–73.1	302	5.8 ± 4.7	25.1 ± 9.4
73.2–81.1	302	5.7 ± 4.6	26.2 ± 9.2^b
Gender
Female	393	5.6 ± 4.6	23.4 ± 9.3
Male	815	6.0 ± 4.7	25.3 ± 9.4^c
Race
White, non-Hispanic	1157	5.9 ± 4.6	24.5 ± 9.3
Other	51	6.0 ± 4.8	27.2 ± 11.0^d
Marital status
Married or cohabitating	1005	5.9 ± 4.6	24.8 ± 9.4
Single	202	5.6 ± 4.6	24.0 ± 9.5
Education
Some or all high school	548	5.7 ± 4.6	24.3 ± 9.8
At least 1 year of college	658	6.0 ± 4.7	24.9 ± 9.1
History of colorectal cancer in one parent or sibling
Yes	209	6.0 ± 4.6	25.2 ± 9.4
No	999	5.8 ± 4.6	24.5 ± 9.4
History of cancer other than colorectal cancer at least 5 years prior to study entry
Yes	72	6.3 ± 4.8	24.0 ± 7.9
No	773	5.9 ± 4.6	25.0 ± 9.5
Years on Study
≤1.0	43	2.7 ± 2.5	20.9 ± 9.0
1.1–2.0	104	3.4 ± 3.2	22.9 ± 8.9
2.1–3.0	239	6.0 ± 4.5	24.7 ± 9.8
>3.0	822	6.3 ± 4.8^b	25.1 ± 9.3^b
Body mass index (kg/m²)
8.2–23.8	304	5.9 ± 4.7	25.0 ± 9.5
23.9–26.1	301	6.1 ± 4.7	24.5 ± 9.2
26.2–28.8	302	5.9 ± 4.6	24.2 ± 9.0
28.9–48.1	301	5.6 ± 4.6	24.8 ± 9.9
Polyp Characteristics
History of adenomas prior to baseline colonoscopy
Yes	419	5.9 ± 4.6	25.3 ± 9.5
No	654	6.0 ± 4.7	24.6 ± 9.5
Poly Location
Distal only	659	5.9 ± 4.7	24.4 ± 9.2
Proximal only	322	5.8 ± 4.6	25.4 ± 10.4
At least one proximal polyp	221	5.9 ± 4.6	24.2 ± 8.7
Number of Polyps
One	693	5.8 ± 4.6	24.7 ± 9.4
Two	261	6.1 ± 4.8	25.1 ± 9.6
Three or more	251	5.7 ± 4.6	24.0 ± 9.1
Maximum polyp size
<0.5 cm	363	6.0 ± 4.7	25.2 ± 10.2
0.60–1.00 cm	512	5.8 ± 4.6	24.7 ± 9.1
>1.00 cm	333	5.9 ± 4.6	24.1 ± 8.9
Lifestyle variables
Exercise
At least once a week	612	6.2 ± 4.7	25.7 ± 9.2
Never	492	5.7 ± 4.6	23.9 ± 9.7^e
Current smoker
Yes	152	6.8 ± 4.5	22.2 ± 9.3
No	1056	5.7 ± 4.6^c	25.0 ± 9.4^c
Ever smoker
Yes	637	5.8 ± 4.7	24.7 ± 9.3
No	424	5.7 ± 4.6	25.4 ± 9.4
10-yr history of regular aspirin use
Yes	345	6.1 ± 4.7	25.6 ± 9.5
No	863	5.8 ± 4.6	24.3 ± 9.3^d
Dietary Variables
Energy (kcal/day)
327.9–1437.7	302	5.7 ± 4.7	18.6 ± 7.2
1438.2–1819.6	302	5.8 ± 4.6	23.1 ± 7.6
1820.8–2260.5	302	5.9 ± 4.6	25.7 ± 7.7
2260.5–6287.8	302	6.1 ± 4.7	31.2 ± 10.1^b
Protein (g/day)
14.2–54.3	302	5.9 ± 4.6	18.9 ± 7.7
54.4–70.0	302	5.8 ± 4.7	23.0 ± 7.4
70.1–87.9	302	5.7 ± 4.5	25.8 ± 8.5
88.0–253.2	302	6.2 ± 4.7	31.0 ± 9.6^b
Carbohydrate (g/day)
45.7–173.7	302	5.8 ± 4.6	17.2 ± 6.3
173.8–223.8	302	5.9 ± 4.7	22.4 ± 6.6
224.2–278.5	302	5.9 ± 4.6	26.1 ± 6.9
278.6–729.7	302	6.0 ± 4.7	32.9 ± 9.5^b
Fat (g/day)
6.7–49.2	302	5.9 ± 4.7	21.8 ± 8.9
49.3–67.5	302	5.9 ± 4.6	23.4 ± 8.4
67.6–89.9	302	5.7 ± 4.6	25.6 ± 9.3
90.0–321.1	302	6.1 ± 4.6	27.9 ± 9.8^b
Dietary Calcium (mg/day)
125.8–595.9	302	6.0 ± 4.6	19.7 ± 7.6
596.0–815.6	302	5.8 ± 4.8	24.3 ± 8.8
815.7–1042.0	302	5.7 ± 4.6	24.9 ± 8.5
1042.1–3364.3	302	6.0 ± 4.6	29.7 ± 9.9^b
Total calcium (mg/day)
125.8–666.3	302	5.9 ± 4.6	20.2 ± 7.7
667.0–928.7	302	5.8 ± 4.7	24.2 ± 9.1
929.2–1162.6	302	5.5 ± 4.5	25.4 ± 8.1
1162.7–3364.3	302	6.2 ± 4.7	28.8 ± 10.4^b
Alcohol (g/day)
0.00–0.00	444	5.7 ± 4.7	25.6 ± 10.4
0.43–1.6	164	5.3 ± 4.5	23.5 ± 9.6
1.7–10.3	298	6.2 ± 4.6	24.6 ± 8.2
10.4–268.7	302	6.1 ± 4.6	24.0 ± 8.8
Dietary folate (μg/day)
38.6–201.5	302	5.6 ± 4.5	17.8 ± 7.0
201.9–265.0	302	6.2 ± 4.7	23.1 ± 7.0
265.1–346.3	302	5.6 ± 4.6	25.7 ± 7.5
346.9–818.4	302	6.1 ± 4.7	32.1 ± 9.6^b
Total folate (μg/day)
38.6–242.7	302	5.8 ± 4.6	19.1 ± 7.2
243.0–370.6	302	5.6 ± 4.6	25.6 ± 7.8
370.9–633.3	302	6.4 ± 4.7	26.1 ± 9.7
635.2–1697.9	302	5.8 ± 4.6	27.8 ± 10.3^b
Red meat (g/day)
0.00–26.4	302	6.0 ± 4.7	24.5 ± 9.5
26.5–50.0	302	5.9 ± 4.6	23.7 ± 9.4
50.1–84.1	302	5.4 ± 4.6	24.6 ± 9.4
84.3–370.1	302	6.3 ± 4.7	25.8 ± 9.3^f

Variable	n ^a	Supplemental fiber intake (g/day) Mean ± SD	Total fiber intake (g/day) Mean ± SD
Age at randomization (yr)
40.3–61.1	302	5.7 ± 4.6	23.1 ± 9.1
61.2–68.1	302	6.3 ± 4.7	24.2 ± 9.7
68.2–73.1	302	5.8 ± 4.7	25.1 ± 9.4
73.2–81.1	302	5.7 ± 4.6	26.2 ± 9.2^b
Gender
Female	393	5.6 ± 4.6	23.4 ± 9.3
Male	815	6.0 ± 4.7	25.3 ± 9.4^c
Race
White, non-Hispanic	1157	5.9 ± 4.6	24.5 ± 9.3
Other	51	6.0 ± 4.8	27.2 ± 11.0^d
Marital status
Married or cohabitating	1005	5.9 ± 4.6	24.8 ± 9.4
Single	202	5.6 ± 4.6	24.0 ± 9.5
Education
Some or all high school	548	5.7 ± 4.6	24.3 ± 9.8
At least 1 year of college	658	6.0 ± 4.7	24.9 ± 9.1
History of colorectal cancer in one parent or sibling
Yes	209	6.0 ± 4.6	25.2 ± 9.4
No	999	5.8 ± 4.6	24.5 ± 9.4
History of cancer other than colorectal cancer at least 5 years prior to study entry
Yes	72	6.3 ± 4.8	24.0 ± 7.9
No	773	5.9 ± 4.6	25.0 ± 9.5
Years on Study
≤1.0	43	2.7 ± 2.5	20.9 ± 9.0
1.1–2.0	104	3.4 ± 3.2	22.9 ± 8.9
2.1–3.0	239	6.0 ± 4.5	24.7 ± 9.8
>3.0	822	6.3 ± 4.8^b	25.1 ± 9.3^b
Body mass index (kg/m²)
8.2–23.8	304	5.9 ± 4.7	25.0 ± 9.5
23.9–26.1	301	6.1 ± 4.7	24.5 ± 9.2
26.2–28.8	302	5.9 ± 4.6	24.2 ± 9.0
28.9–48.1	301	5.6 ± 4.6	24.8 ± 9.9
Polyp Characteristics
History of adenomas prior to baseline colonoscopy
Yes	419	5.9 ± 4.6	25.3 ± 9.5
No	654	6.0 ± 4.7	24.6 ± 9.5
Poly Location
Distal only	659	5.9 ± 4.7	24.4 ± 9.2
Proximal only	322	5.8 ± 4.6	25.4 ± 10.4
At least one proximal polyp	221	5.9 ± 4.6	24.2 ± 8.7
Number of Polyps
One	693	5.8 ± 4.6	24.7 ± 9.4
Two	261	6.1 ± 4.8	25.1 ± 9.6
Three or more	251	5.7 ± 4.6	24.0 ± 9.1
Maximum polyp size
<0.5 cm	363	6.0 ± 4.7	25.2 ± 10.2
0.60–1.00 cm	512	5.8 ± 4.6	24.7 ± 9.1
>1.00 cm	333	5.9 ± 4.6	24.1 ± 8.9
Lifestyle variables
Exercise
At least once a week	612	6.2 ± 4.7	25.7 ± 9.2
Never	492	5.7 ± 4.6	23.9 ± 9.7^e
Current smoker
Yes	152	6.8 ± 4.5	22.2 ± 9.3
No	1056	5.7 ± 4.6^c	25.0 ± 9.4^c
Ever smoker
Yes	637	5.8 ± 4.7	24.7 ± 9.3
No	424	5.7 ± 4.6	25.4 ± 9.4
10-yr history of regular aspirin use
Yes	345	6.1 ± 4.7	25.6 ± 9.5
No	863	5.8 ± 4.6	24.3 ± 9.3^d
Dietary Variables
Energy (kcal/day)
327.9–1437.7	302	5.7 ± 4.7	18.6 ± 7.2
1438.2–1819.6	302	5.8 ± 4.6	23.1 ± 7.6
1820.8–2260.5	302	5.9 ± 4.6	25.7 ± 7.7
2260.5–6287.8	302	6.1 ± 4.7	31.2 ± 10.1^b
Protein (g/day)
14.2–54.3	302	5.9 ± 4.6	18.9 ± 7.7
54.4–70.0	302	5.8 ± 4.7	23.0 ± 7.4
70.1–87.9	302	5.7 ± 4.5	25.8 ± 8.5
88.0–253.2	302	6.2 ± 4.7	31.0 ± 9.6^b
Carbohydrate (g/day)
45.7–173.7	302	5.8 ± 4.6	17.2 ± 6.3
173.8–223.8	302	5.9 ± 4.7	22.4 ± 6.6
224.2–278.5	302	5.9 ± 4.6	26.1 ± 6.9
278.6–729.7	302	6.0 ± 4.7	32.9 ± 9.5^b
Fat (g/day)
6.7–49.2	302	5.9 ± 4.7	21.8 ± 8.9
49.3–67.5	302	5.9 ± 4.6	23.4 ± 8.4
67.6–89.9	302	5.7 ± 4.6	25.6 ± 9.3
90.0–321.1	302	6.1 ± 4.6	27.9 ± 9.8^b
Dietary Calcium (mg/day)
125.8–595.9	302	6.0 ± 4.6	19.7 ± 7.6
596.0–815.6	302	5.8 ± 4.8	24.3 ± 8.8
815.7–1042.0	302	5.7 ± 4.6	24.9 ± 8.5
1042.1–3364.3	302	6.0 ± 4.6	29.7 ± 9.9^b
Total calcium (mg/day)
125.8–666.3	302	5.9 ± 4.6	20.2 ± 7.7
667.0–928.7	302	5.8 ± 4.7	24.2 ± 9.1
929.2–1162.6	302	5.5 ± 4.5	25.4 ± 8.1
1162.7–3364.3	302	6.2 ± 4.7	28.8 ± 10.4^b
Alcohol (g/day)
0.00–0.00	444	5.7 ± 4.7	25.6 ± 10.4
0.43–1.6	164	5.3 ± 4.5	23.5 ± 9.6
1.7–10.3	298	6.2 ± 4.6	24.6 ± 8.2
10.4–268.7	302	6.1 ± 4.6	24.0 ± 8.8
Dietary folate (μg/day)
38.6–201.5	302	5.6 ± 4.5	17.8 ± 7.0
201.9–265.0	302	6.2 ± 4.7	23.1 ± 7.0
265.1–346.3	302	5.6 ± 4.6	25.7 ± 7.5
346.9–818.4	302	6.1 ± 4.7	32.1 ± 9.6^b
Total folate (μg/day)
38.6–242.7	302	5.8 ± 4.6	19.1 ± 7.2
243.0–370.6	302	5.6 ± 4.6	25.6 ± 7.8
370.9–633.3	302	6.4 ± 4.7	26.1 ± 9.7
635.2–1697.9	302	5.8 ± 4.6	27.8 ± 10.3^b
Red meat (g/day)
0.00–26.4	302	6.0 ± 4.7	24.5 ± 9.5
26.5–50.0	302	5.9 ± 4.6	23.7 ± 9.4
50.1–84.1	302	5.4 ± 4.6	24.6 ± 9.4
84.3–370.1	302	6.3 ± 4.7	25.8 ± 9.3^f

Numbers for each category may not add up to 1208 because of missing data for some observations.

P for trend, <0.001.

P < 0.001.

P < 0.05.

P < 0.01.

P for trend, <0.05.

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