RR (95% CI) of BCC by group of serum concentration of antioxidants at baseline, person-based analyses in 485 participants of the Nambour Skin Cancer Study, 1996-2004
| Serum biomarker . | Biomarker concentration . | . | . | Ptrend . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Group 3 . | . | ||||
| α-Carotene | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.05 (0.01-0.07) | 0.11 (0.08-0.15) | 0.22 (0.16-1.04) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 18/153 | 35/171 | 24/161 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.87 (1.05-3.30) | 1.33 (0.72-2.46) | 0.91 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 1.70 (0.95-3.03) | 1.28 (0.68-2.41) | 0.69 | ||||
| β-Carotene | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.30 (0.02-0.44) | 0.59 (0.45-0.79) | 1.10 (0.80-5.10) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 23/163 | 30/159 | 24/163 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.77-2.30) | 1.06 (0.59-1.90) | 0.99 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.74-2.30) | 1.07 (0.59-1.96) | 0.95 | ||||
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.10 (0.02-0.16) | 0.29 (0.18-0.42) | 0.73 (0.43- 3.20) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 23/159 | 30/168 | 24/158 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.64-1.90) | 0.90 (0.50-1.63) | 0.63 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.61-1.87) | 0.91 (0.50-1.67) | 0.68 | ||||
| Lutein and zeaxanthin | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.20 (0.04-0.28) | 0.37 (0.29-0.47) | 0.64 (0.48-1.60) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 26/162 | 21/158 | 30/165 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.48-1.51) | 1.05 (0.62-1.77) | 0.78 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.45-1.46) | 1.06 (0.62-1.83) | 0.71 | ||||
| α-Tocopherol | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 24.0 (9.0-27.0) | 30.0 (28.0-33.0) | 38.5 (34.0-130.0) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 22/163 | 29/158 | 26/164 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.63 1.98) | 0.90 (0.50-1.65) | 0.65 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.49-1.56) | 0.95 (0.51-1.75) | 0.92 | ||||
| Serum biomarker . | Biomarker concentration . | . | . | Ptrend . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Group 3 . | . | ||||
| α-Carotene | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.05 (0.01-0.07) | 0.11 (0.08-0.15) | 0.22 (0.16-1.04) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 18/153 | 35/171 | 24/161 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.87 (1.05-3.30) | 1.33 (0.72-2.46) | 0.91 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 1.70 (0.95-3.03) | 1.28 (0.68-2.41) | 0.69 | ||||
| β-Carotene | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.30 (0.02-0.44) | 0.59 (0.45-0.79) | 1.10 (0.80-5.10) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 23/163 | 30/159 | 24/163 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.77-2.30) | 1.06 (0.59-1.90) | 0.99 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.74-2.30) | 1.07 (0.59-1.96) | 0.95 | ||||
| β-Cryptoxanthin | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.10 (0.02-0.16) | 0.29 (0.18-0.42) | 0.73 (0.43- 3.20) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 23/159 | 30/168 | 24/158 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.64-1.90) | 0.90 (0.50-1.63) | 0.63 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.61-1.87) | 0.91 (0.50-1.67) | 0.68 | ||||
| Lutein and zeaxanthin | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 0.20 (0.04-0.28) | 0.37 (0.29-0.47) | 0.64 (0.48-1.60) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 26/162 | 21/158 | 30/165 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.48-1.51) | 1.05 (0.62-1.77) | 0.78 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.45-1.46) | 1.06 (0.62-1.83) | 0.71 | ||||
| α-Tocopherol | ||||||||
| Median (μmol/L; min-max) | 24.0 (9.0-27.0) | 30.0 (28.0-33.0) | 38.5 (34.0-130.0) | |||||
| No. tumors/participants | 22/163 | 29/158 | 26/164 | |||||
| Basic RR (95% CI)* | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.63 1.98) | 0.90 (0.50-1.65) | 0.65 | ||||
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)† | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.49-1.56) | 0.95 (0.51-1.75) | 0.92 | ||||
Adjusted for age, sex, and allocation of a β-carotene supplement during the Nambour trial. All RRs from multivariate Poisson regression.
Adjusted for age, sex, pack-years of smoking, β-carotene supplement allocation during the trial, alcohol intake (continuous), time spent outdoors on weekdays, and history of skin cancer before 1996.