Multivariate adjusted case-control odds ratios and 95% CIs for all breast cancer cases, triple-negative and non-triple-negative cases, in relation to known and suspected risk factors among women 45 y of age and younger, 1983-1992
. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Triple-negative status . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | P* . | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | Controls (n = 1,569) . | . | All breast cancer (n = 897) . | . | . | . | Triple-negative (n = 187) . | . | . | . | Non-triple-negative (n = 710) . | . | . | . | . | |||||||||||||||
. | n . | (%) . | n . | (%) . | OR . | (95% CI) . | n . | (%) . | OR . | (95% CI) . | n . | (%) . | OR . | (95% CI) . | . | |||||||||||||||
Demographic/lifestyle factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age (y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<30 | 155 | (9.9) | 35 | (3.9) | 1.0 | Reference | 9 | (4.8) | 1.0 | Reference | 26 | (3.7) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
30-34 | 297 | (18.9) | 140 | (15.6) | 2.1 | (1.1-3.9) | 38 | (20.3) | 2.6 | (0.8-9.1) | 102 | (14.4) | 2.0 | (1.0-3.9) | ||||||||||||||||
35-39 | 573 | (36.5) | 335 | (37.3) | 2.4 | (1.3-4.3) | 79 | (42.2) | 2.9 | (0.9-9.8) | 256 | (36.1) | 2.2 | (1.2-4.2) | ||||||||||||||||
40-45 | 544 | (34.7) | 387 | (43.1) | 2.6 | (1.4-4.6) | 61 | (32.6) | 2.2 | (0.7-7.4) | 326 | (45.9) | 2.7 | (1.4-5.1) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.006 | 0.81 | 0.002 | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Race† | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
White | 1,482 | (94.6) | 836 | (93.7) | 1.0 | Reference | 178 | (95.7) | 1.0 | Reference | 658 | (93.2) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
Black | 27 | (1.7) | 20 | (2.2) | 0.9 | (0.4-2.5) | 3 | (1.6) | 0.0 | N/A | 17 | (2.4) | 1.2 | (0.5-3.2) | ||||||||||||||||
Other | 58 | (3.7) | 36 | (4.0) | 0.9 | (0.5-1.7) | 5 | (2.7) | 0.9 | (0.3-3.1) | 31 | (4.4) | 0.9 | (0.4-1.8) | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||
Education | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<College graduate | 1,035 | (66.0) | 572 | (63.8) | 1.0 | Reference | 119 | (63.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 453 | (63.8) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
College graduate | 533 | (34.0) | 325 | (36.2) | 1.2 | (1.0-1.6) | 68 | (36.4) | 1.3 | (0.9-2.0) | 257 | (36.2) | 1.2 | (1.0-1.6) | 0.61 | |||||||||||||||
Annual income‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<15,000 | 184 | (11.9) | 81 | (9.1) | 1.0 | Reference | 14 | (7.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 67 | (9.5) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
15,000-45,000/50,000 | 863 | (55.9) | 471 | (52.9) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | 99 | (52.9) | 1.2 | (0.6-2.6) | 372 | (52.9) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | ||||||||||||||||
45,000/50,000+ | 496 | (32.1) | 338 | (38.0) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | 74 | (39.6) | 1.5 | (0.7-3.2) | 264 | (37.6) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.9) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.39 | 0.24 | 0.64 | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family history of breast cancer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | 807 | (67.8) | 363 | (50.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 78 | (47.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 285 | (51.1) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1st degree | 95 | (8.0) | 150 | (20.8) | 3.0 | (2.1-4.1) | 37 | (22.6) | 3.5 | (2.1-5.9) | 113 | (20.3) | 2.8 | (2.0-4.0) | ||||||||||||||||
2nd degree only | 289 | (24.3) | 209 | (28.9) | 1.7 | (1.3-2.2) | 49 | (29.9) | 1.8 | (1.2-2.8) | 160 | (28.7) | 1.7 | (1.3-2.2) | 0.70 | |||||||||||||||
BMI (k/m2)§ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<18.5 | 87 | (5.6) | 35 | (4.0) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.2) | 6 | (3.2) | 0.5 | (0.2-1.7) | 29 | (4.2) | 0.8 | (0.4-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
18.5-24.9 | 977 | (63.4) | 578 | (65.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 121 | (65.1) | 1.0 | Reference | 457 | (65.8) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
25.0-29.9 | 269 | (17.4) | 151 | (17.1) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.3) | 33 | (17.7) | 1.1 | (0.6-1.8) | 118 | (17.0) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
30+ | 209 | (13.6) | 117 | (13.3) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.3) | 26 | (14.0) | 1.3 | (0.8-2.2) | 91 | (13.1) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.2) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.99 | 0.18 | 0.54 | 0.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 801 | (51.4) | 464 | (52.2) | 1.0 | Reference | 100 | (54.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 364 | (51.6) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
Former | 332 | (21.3) | 189 | (21.3) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 34 | (18.6) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 155 | (22.0) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
Current | 424 | (27.2) | 236 | (26.5) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 49 | (26.8) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.6) | 187 | (26.5) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 0.29 | |||||||||||||||
Alcohol use (drinks/wk) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None/<1 | 771 | (49.2) | 442 | (49.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 88 | (47.1) | 1.0 | Reference | 354 | (49.9) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1-3 | 288 | (18.4) | 152 | (17.0) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.3) | 29 | (15.5) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.4) | 123 | (17.3) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
3+ | 507 | (32.4) | 302 | (33.7) | 1.1 | (0.9-1.4) | 70 | (37.4) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.6) | 232 | (32.7) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.54 | 0.84 | 0.54 | 0.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reproductive factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at menarche (y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8-12 | 737 | (47.1) | 471 | (52.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 98 | (52.4) | 1.0 | Reference | 373 | (52.5) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
13-14 | 690 | (44.1) | 351 | (39.1) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.0) | 77 | (41.2) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.2) | 274 | (38.6) | 0.7 | (0.6-1.0) | ||||||||||||||||
15+ | 139 | (8.9) | 75 | (8.4) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.2) | 12 | (6.4) | 0.4 | (0.2-1.0) | 63 | (8.9) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of live births | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | 396 | (25.2) | 232 | (25.9) | 1.0 | Reference | 53 | (28.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 179 | (25.2) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1-3 | 1,057 | (67.4) | 621 | (69.2) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 127 | (67.9) | 0.9 | (0.4-1.9) | 494 | (69.6) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
4+ | 116 | (7.4) | 44 | (4.9) | 0.5 | (0.3-1.0) | 7 | (3.7) | 0.6 | (0.2-1.9) | 37 | (5.2) | 0.5 | (0.3-1.0) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.04 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at first birth (y)∥ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | 390 | (24.9) | 230 | (25.7) | 1.0 | Reference | 53 | (28.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 177 | (25.0) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
<20 | 264 | (16.8) | 116 | (12.9) | 0.6 | (0.3-1.0) | 19 | (10.2) | 0.6 | (0.2-1.4) | 97 | (13.7) | 0.6 | (0.3-1.0) | ||||||||||||||||
20-29 | 745 | (47.5) | 419 | (46.8) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 86 | (46.0) | 0.9 | (0.4-2.0) | 333 | (47.0) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
30+ | 170 | (10.8) | 131 | (14.6) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.8) | 29 | (15.5) | 1.2 | (0.5-3.0) | 102 | (14.4) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend¶ | 0.002 | 0.03 | 0.009 | 0.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lactation** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 313 | (26.9) | 189 | (28.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 33 | (24.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 156 | (29.4) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
<12 | 494 | (42.5) | 279 | (42.0) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | 63 | (47.0) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.8) | 216 | (40.8) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | ||||||||||||||||
12+ | 356 | (30.6) | 196 | (29.5) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | 38 | (28.4) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.7) | 158 | (29.8) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abortion†† | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 950 | (72.9) | 510 | (67.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 98 | (64.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 412 | (68.0) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
Ever | 354 | (27.1) | 248 | (32.7) | 1.4 | (1.1-1.8) | 54 | (35.5) | 1.4 | (0.9-2.2) | 194 | (32.0) | 1.4 | (1.1-1.8) | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||
Oral contraception | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OC use (y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never/<1 | 407 | (25.9) | 197 | (22.0) | 1.0 | Reference | 22 | (11.8) | 1.0 | Reference | 175 | (24.7) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1+ | 1,162 | (74.1) | 699 | (78.0) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.7) | 165 | (88.2) | 2.5 | (1.4-4.3) | 534 | (75.3) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.5) | 0.008 | |||||||||||||||
OC duration (y)‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 to <3 | 327 | (20.8) | 184 | (20.5) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.7) | 35 | (18.7) | 1.6 | (0.9-3.3) | 149 | (21.0) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.7) | ||||||||||||||||
3 to <6 | 357 | (22.8) | 220 | (24.6) | 1.4 | (1.0-2.0) | 51 | (27.3) | 2.8 | (1.5-5.3) | 169 | (23.8) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.7) | ||||||||||||||||
6+ | 478 | (30.5) | 295 | (32.9) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.8) | 79 | (42.2) | 2.9 | (1.6-5.3) | 216 | (30.5) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at first use (y)‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22+ | 260 | (16.6) | 159 | (17.7) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.7) | 31 | (16.6) | 2.0 | (1.0-4.1) | 128 | (18.1) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.6) | ||||||||||||||||
18 to <22 | 674 | (43.0) | 390 | (43.5) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.6) | 92 | (49.2) | 2.3 | (1.3-4.1) | 298 | (42.0) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
<18 | 228 | (14.5) | 150 | (16.7) | 1.9 | (1.3-2.7) | 42 | (22.5) | 3.7 | (1.9-7.2) | 108 | (15.2) | 1.6 | (1.1-2.3) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years since first use‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 to <15 | 313 | (19.9) | 132 | (14.7) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | 36 | (19.3) | 2.4 | (1.1-5.1) | 96 | (13.5) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.6) | ||||||||||||||||
15 to <20 | 462 | (29.4) | 277 | (30.9) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.8) | 78 | (41.7) | 3.0 | (1.6-5.4) | 199 | (28.1) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | ||||||||||||||||
20+ | 387 | (24.7) | 290 | (32.4) | 1.4 | (1.0-1.9) | 51 | (27.3) | 2.0 | (1.1-4.0) | 239 | (33.7) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.25 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years since last use‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current | 120 | (7.6) | 43 | (4.8) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.8) | 16 | (8.6) | 3.1 | (1.2-7.6) | 27 | (3.8) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
1 to <5 | 190 | (12.1) | 116 | (12.9) | 1.9 | (1.3-2.9) | 31 | (16.6) | 4.2 | (2.0-8.6) | 85 | (12.0) | 1.6 | (1.1-2.5) | ||||||||||||||||
5 to <10 | 255 | (16.3) | 136 | (15.2) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.7) | 41 | (21.9) | 3.0 | (1.6-5.9) | 95 | (13.4) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
10 to <15 | 339 | (21.6) | 213 | (23.8) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.8) | 55 | (29.4) | 2.6 | (1.4-4.8) | 158 | (22.3) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.6) | ||||||||||||||||
15+ | 258 | (16.4) | 191 | (21.3) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.8) | 22 | (11.8) | 1.2 | (0.6-2.6) | 169 | (23.8) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.86 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.01 |
. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Triple-negative status . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | P* . | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | Controls (n = 1,569) . | . | All breast cancer (n = 897) . | . | . | . | Triple-negative (n = 187) . | . | . | . | Non-triple-negative (n = 710) . | . | . | . | . | |||||||||||||||
. | n . | (%) . | n . | (%) . | OR . | (95% CI) . | n . | (%) . | OR . | (95% CI) . | n . | (%) . | OR . | (95% CI) . | . | |||||||||||||||
Demographic/lifestyle factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age (y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<30 | 155 | (9.9) | 35 | (3.9) | 1.0 | Reference | 9 | (4.8) | 1.0 | Reference | 26 | (3.7) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
30-34 | 297 | (18.9) | 140 | (15.6) | 2.1 | (1.1-3.9) | 38 | (20.3) | 2.6 | (0.8-9.1) | 102 | (14.4) | 2.0 | (1.0-3.9) | ||||||||||||||||
35-39 | 573 | (36.5) | 335 | (37.3) | 2.4 | (1.3-4.3) | 79 | (42.2) | 2.9 | (0.9-9.8) | 256 | (36.1) | 2.2 | (1.2-4.2) | ||||||||||||||||
40-45 | 544 | (34.7) | 387 | (43.1) | 2.6 | (1.4-4.6) | 61 | (32.6) | 2.2 | (0.7-7.4) | 326 | (45.9) | 2.7 | (1.4-5.1) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.006 | 0.81 | 0.002 | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Race† | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
White | 1,482 | (94.6) | 836 | (93.7) | 1.0 | Reference | 178 | (95.7) | 1.0 | Reference | 658 | (93.2) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
Black | 27 | (1.7) | 20 | (2.2) | 0.9 | (0.4-2.5) | 3 | (1.6) | 0.0 | N/A | 17 | (2.4) | 1.2 | (0.5-3.2) | ||||||||||||||||
Other | 58 | (3.7) | 36 | (4.0) | 0.9 | (0.5-1.7) | 5 | (2.7) | 0.9 | (0.3-3.1) | 31 | (4.4) | 0.9 | (0.4-1.8) | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||
Education | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<College graduate | 1,035 | (66.0) | 572 | (63.8) | 1.0 | Reference | 119 | (63.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 453 | (63.8) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
College graduate | 533 | (34.0) | 325 | (36.2) | 1.2 | (1.0-1.6) | 68 | (36.4) | 1.3 | (0.9-2.0) | 257 | (36.2) | 1.2 | (1.0-1.6) | 0.61 | |||||||||||||||
Annual income‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<15,000 | 184 | (11.9) | 81 | (9.1) | 1.0 | Reference | 14 | (7.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 67 | (9.5) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
15,000-45,000/50,000 | 863 | (55.9) | 471 | (52.9) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | 99 | (52.9) | 1.2 | (0.6-2.6) | 372 | (52.9) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | ||||||||||||||||
45,000/50,000+ | 496 | (32.1) | 338 | (38.0) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | 74 | (39.6) | 1.5 | (0.7-3.2) | 264 | (37.6) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.9) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.39 | 0.24 | 0.64 | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family history of breast cancer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | 807 | (67.8) | 363 | (50.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 78 | (47.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 285 | (51.1) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1st degree | 95 | (8.0) | 150 | (20.8) | 3.0 | (2.1-4.1) | 37 | (22.6) | 3.5 | (2.1-5.9) | 113 | (20.3) | 2.8 | (2.0-4.0) | ||||||||||||||||
2nd degree only | 289 | (24.3) | 209 | (28.9) | 1.7 | (1.3-2.2) | 49 | (29.9) | 1.8 | (1.2-2.8) | 160 | (28.7) | 1.7 | (1.3-2.2) | 0.70 | |||||||||||||||
BMI (k/m2)§ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<18.5 | 87 | (5.6) | 35 | (4.0) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.2) | 6 | (3.2) | 0.5 | (0.2-1.7) | 29 | (4.2) | 0.8 | (0.4-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
18.5-24.9 | 977 | (63.4) | 578 | (65.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 121 | (65.1) | 1.0 | Reference | 457 | (65.8) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
25.0-29.9 | 269 | (17.4) | 151 | (17.1) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.3) | 33 | (17.7) | 1.1 | (0.6-1.8) | 118 | (17.0) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
30+ | 209 | (13.6) | 117 | (13.3) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.3) | 26 | (14.0) | 1.3 | (0.8-2.2) | 91 | (13.1) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.2) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.99 | 0.18 | 0.54 | 0.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 801 | (51.4) | 464 | (52.2) | 1.0 | Reference | 100 | (54.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 364 | (51.6) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
Former | 332 | (21.3) | 189 | (21.3) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 34 | (18.6) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 155 | (22.0) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
Current | 424 | (27.2) | 236 | (26.5) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 49 | (26.8) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.6) | 187 | (26.5) | 0.9 | (0.7-1.2) | 0.29 | |||||||||||||||
Alcohol use (drinks/wk) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None/<1 | 771 | (49.2) | 442 | (49.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 88 | (47.1) | 1.0 | Reference | 354 | (49.9) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1-3 | 288 | (18.4) | 152 | (17.0) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.3) | 29 | (15.5) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.4) | 123 | (17.3) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
3+ | 507 | (32.4) | 302 | (33.7) | 1.1 | (0.9-1.4) | 70 | (37.4) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.6) | 232 | (32.7) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.54 | 0.84 | 0.54 | 0.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reproductive factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at menarche (y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8-12 | 737 | (47.1) | 471 | (52.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 98 | (52.4) | 1.0 | Reference | 373 | (52.5) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
13-14 | 690 | (44.1) | 351 | (39.1) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.0) | 77 | (41.2) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.2) | 274 | (38.6) | 0.7 | (0.6-1.0) | ||||||||||||||||
15+ | 139 | (8.9) | 75 | (8.4) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.2) | 12 | (6.4) | 0.4 | (0.2-1.0) | 63 | (8.9) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of live births | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | 396 | (25.2) | 232 | (25.9) | 1.0 | Reference | 53 | (28.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 179 | (25.2) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1-3 | 1,057 | (67.4) | 621 | (69.2) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 127 | (67.9) | 0.9 | (0.4-1.9) | 494 | (69.6) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
4+ | 116 | (7.4) | 44 | (4.9) | 0.5 | (0.3-1.0) | 7 | (3.7) | 0.6 | (0.2-1.9) | 37 | (5.2) | 0.5 | (0.3-1.0) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.04 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at first birth (y)∥ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | 390 | (24.9) | 230 | (25.7) | 1.0 | Reference | 53 | (28.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 177 | (25.0) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
<20 | 264 | (16.8) | 116 | (12.9) | 0.6 | (0.3-1.0) | 19 | (10.2) | 0.6 | (0.2-1.4) | 97 | (13.7) | 0.6 | (0.3-1.0) | ||||||||||||||||
20-29 | 745 | (47.5) | 419 | (46.8) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 86 | (46.0) | 0.9 | (0.4-2.0) | 333 | (47.0) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
30+ | 170 | (10.8) | 131 | (14.6) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.8) | 29 | (15.5) | 1.2 | (0.5-3.0) | 102 | (14.4) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend¶ | 0.002 | 0.03 | 0.009 | 0.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lactation** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 313 | (26.9) | 189 | (28.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 33 | (24.6) | 1.0 | Reference | 156 | (29.4) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
<12 | 494 | (42.5) | 279 | (42.0) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | 63 | (47.0) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.8) | 216 | (40.8) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | ||||||||||||||||
12+ | 356 | (30.6) | 196 | (29.5) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | 38 | (28.4) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.7) | 158 | (29.8) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abortion†† | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 950 | (72.9) | 510 | (67.3) | 1.0 | Reference | 98 | (64.5) | 1.0 | Reference | 412 | (68.0) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
Ever | 354 | (27.1) | 248 | (32.7) | 1.4 | (1.1-1.8) | 54 | (35.5) | 1.4 | (0.9-2.2) | 194 | (32.0) | 1.4 | (1.1-1.8) | 0.82 | |||||||||||||||
Oral contraception | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OC use (y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Never/<1 | 407 | (25.9) | 197 | (22.0) | 1.0 | Reference | 22 | (11.8) | 1.0 | Reference | 175 | (24.7) | 1.0 | Reference | ||||||||||||||||
1+ | 1,162 | (74.1) | 699 | (78.0) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.7) | 165 | (88.2) | 2.5 | (1.4-4.3) | 534 | (75.3) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.5) | 0.008 | |||||||||||||||
OC duration (y)‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 to <3 | 327 | (20.8) | 184 | (20.5) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.7) | 35 | (18.7) | 1.6 | (0.9-3.3) | 149 | (21.0) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.7) | ||||||||||||||||
3 to <6 | 357 | (22.8) | 220 | (24.6) | 1.4 | (1.0-2.0) | 51 | (27.3) | 2.8 | (1.5-5.3) | 169 | (23.8) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.7) | ||||||||||||||||
6+ | 478 | (30.5) | 295 | (32.9) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.8) | 79 | (42.2) | 2.9 | (1.6-5.3) | 216 | (30.5) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at first use (y)‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22+ | 260 | (16.6) | 159 | (17.7) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.7) | 31 | (16.6) | 2.0 | (1.0-4.1) | 128 | (18.1) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.6) | ||||||||||||||||
18 to <22 | 674 | (43.0) | 390 | (43.5) | 1.2 | (0.9-1.6) | 92 | (49.2) | 2.3 | (1.3-4.1) | 298 | (42.0) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
<18 | 228 | (14.5) | 150 | (16.7) | 1.9 | (1.3-2.7) | 42 | (22.5) | 3.7 | (1.9-7.2) | 108 | (15.2) | 1.6 | (1.1-2.3) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years since first use‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 to <15 | 313 | (19.9) | 132 | (14.7) | 1.3 | (0.8-1.9) | 36 | (19.3) | 2.4 | (1.1-5.1) | 96 | (13.5) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.6) | ||||||||||||||||
15 to <20 | 462 | (29.4) | 277 | (30.9) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.8) | 78 | (41.7) | 3.0 | (1.6-5.4) | 199 | (28.1) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | ||||||||||||||||
20+ | 387 | (24.7) | 290 | (32.4) | 1.4 | (1.0-1.9) | 51 | (27.3) | 2.0 | (1.1-4.0) | 239 | (33.7) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.25 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years since last use‡‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current | 120 | (7.6) | 43 | (4.8) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.8) | 16 | (8.6) | 3.1 | (1.2-7.6) | 27 | (3.8) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.4) | ||||||||||||||||
1 to <5 | 190 | (12.1) | 116 | (12.9) | 1.9 | (1.3-2.9) | 31 | (16.6) | 4.2 | (2.0-8.6) | 85 | (12.0) | 1.6 | (1.1-2.5) | ||||||||||||||||
5 to <10 | 255 | (16.3) | 136 | (15.2) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.7) | 41 | (21.9) | 3.0 | (1.6-5.9) | 95 | (13.4) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) | ||||||||||||||||
10 to <15 | 339 | (21.6) | 213 | (23.8) | 1.3 | (1.0-1.8) | 55 | (29.4) | 2.6 | (1.4-4.8) | 158 | (22.3) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.6) | ||||||||||||||||
15+ | 258 | (16.4) | 191 | (21.3) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.8) | 22 | (11.8) | 1.2 | (0.6-2.6) | 169 | (23.8) | 1.3 | (0.9-1.8) | ||||||||||||||||
P for trend | 0.86 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.01 |
NOTE: Risk factors adjusted for age, family history of breast cancer, breastfeeding history, and oral contraceptive duration.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; OC, oral contraceptive.
Pheterogeneity (association of risk factor with triple-negative versus non-triple-negative breast cancer).
Because of missing data, race was adjusted for age, breastfeeding history, and oral contraceptive duration but not family history of breast cancer.
Income categories reflect the fact that the two studies combined for the present study used different cutoffs.
One year before reference date.
Still and live births.
P for trend among parous women only.
Among parous women.
Among gravid women.
Ptrend and Pheterogeneity among oral contraceptive users >1 year only.