Estimated percent changes (95% CIs) in 1-OHP (μmol/mol creatinine) levels and four-random effects models for contributing factors
| . | . | Estimated percent change (95% CI) . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Model I . | Model II . | Model III . | Model IV . | ||||
| Age | −1.7 (−4.5 to 1.3) | −1.4 (−4.3 to 1.5) | −1.5 (−4.4 to 1.4) | −1.6 (−4.4 to 1.4) | |||||
| Gender | Boy | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Girl | 17.6 (2.1-35.3)* | 16.8 (1.5-34.4)* | 16.3 (1.1-33.9)* | 16.5 (1.2-34.1)* | |||||
| ETS | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | −8.8 (−20.5 to 4.7) | −8.1 (−19.9 to 5.4) | −7.8 (−19.6 to 5.8) | −8.0 (−19.8 to 5.5) | |||||
| Food | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 17.6 (1.9-35.7)* | 18.8 (3.1-37.0)* | 18.4 (2.7-88.5)* | 16.5 (1.1-34.2)* | |||||
| Region | Remote | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Nearby | 62.5 (40.2-88.5)† | 62.1 (39.7-88.2)† | 62.4 (40.0-88.5)† | 62.3 (39.8-88.3)† | |||||
| Season | Spring | 8.7 (−6.0 to 25.8) | 6.3 (−8.2 to 23.0) | 6.8 (−7.7 to 23.5) | |||||
| Summer | 40.9 (20.6-64.7)† | 30.2 (9.9-54.3)* | 20.4 (1.2-43.2)* | ||||||
| Fall | 37.8 (18.6-60.2)† | 34.0 (15.1-55.9)† | 36.1 (16.9-58.3)† | ||||||
| Winter | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| South wind (%) | 28.5 (3.8-59.1)* | 9.3 (−13.0-37.4) | |||||||
| PM10 lag 2‡ | 10.1 (4.8-15.7)† | ||||||||
| . | . | Estimated percent change (95% CI) . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Model I . | Model II . | Model III . | Model IV . | ||||
| Age | −1.7 (−4.5 to 1.3) | −1.4 (−4.3 to 1.5) | −1.5 (−4.4 to 1.4) | −1.6 (−4.4 to 1.4) | |||||
| Gender | Boy | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Girl | 17.6 (2.1-35.3)* | 16.8 (1.5-34.4)* | 16.3 (1.1-33.9)* | 16.5 (1.2-34.1)* | |||||
| ETS | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | −8.8 (−20.5 to 4.7) | −8.1 (−19.9 to 5.4) | −7.8 (−19.6 to 5.8) | −8.0 (−19.8 to 5.5) | |||||
| Food | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 17.6 (1.9-35.7)* | 18.8 (3.1-37.0)* | 18.4 (2.7-88.5)* | 16.5 (1.1-34.2)* | |||||
| Region | Remote | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Nearby | 62.5 (40.2-88.5)† | 62.1 (39.7-88.2)† | 62.4 (40.0-88.5)† | 62.3 (39.8-88.3)† | |||||
| Season | Spring | 8.7 (−6.0 to 25.8) | 6.3 (−8.2 to 23.0) | 6.8 (−7.7 to 23.5) | |||||
| Summer | 40.9 (20.6-64.7)† | 30.2 (9.9-54.3)* | 20.4 (1.2-43.2)* | ||||||
| Fall | 37.8 (18.6-60.2)† | 34.0 (15.1-55.9)† | 36.1 (16.9-58.3)† | ||||||
| Winter | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| South wind (%) | 28.5 (3.8-59.1)* | 9.3 (−13.0-37.4) | |||||||
| PM10 lag 2‡ | 10.1 (4.8-15.7)† | ||||||||
NOTE: Coefficients are expressed as percent changes in 1-OHP–associated contributing factors: model I included age (years), gender, ETS, and charbroiled meat consumption (yes/no); model II included model I plus season; model III included model II plus south wind; and model IV included model III plus PM10 lag 2.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.001.
Percent change (95% CI) based on IQR (75-25%) of PM10 lag 2.