Baseline characteristics of 158 acute leukemia cases and 173 controls
| . | Controls . | Combined cases . | . | ALL . | . | AML . | . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n (%) . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | |||||||
| Reference age (y)* | ||||||||||||||
| <2 | 77 (45%) | 63 (40%) | 13 (13%) | 50 (82%) | ||||||||||
| 2-5 | 51 (29%) | 66 (42%) | 55 (57%) | 11 (18%) | ||||||||||
| ≥6 | 45 (26%) | 29 (18%) | 29 (30%) | 0 (0%) | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 90 (52%) | 85 (54%) | 1.00 | 57 (59%) | 1.00 | 28 (46%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Female | 83 (48%) | 73 (46%) | 0.93 (0.60-1.43) | 40 (41%) | 0.76 (0.46-1.26) | 33 (54%) | 1.28 (0.71-2.29) | |||||||
| Number of siblings | ||||||||||||||
| 0 | 23 (13%) | 24 (15%) | 1.00 | 12 (12%) | 1.00 | 12 (20%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| 1 | 67 (39%) | 56 (35%) | 0.80 (0.41-1.57) | 30 (31%) | 0.86 (0.38-1.95) | 26 (43%) | 0.74 (0.32-1.71) | |||||||
| ≥2 | 82 (48%) | 78 (49%) | 0.91 (0.48-1.75) | 55 (57%) | 1.29 (0.59-2.80) | 23 (38%) | 0.54 (0.23-1.24) | |||||||
| Household income | ||||||||||||||
| ≤$30,000 | 57 (33%) | 57 (37%) | 1.00 | 37 (39%) | 1.00 | 20 (33%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| $30,001-$50,000 | 41 (24%) | 43 (28%) | 1.05 (0.60-1.84) | 22 (23%) | 0.83 (0.43-1.60) | 21 (35%) | 1.46 (0.70-3.04) | |||||||
| >$50,000 | 74 (43%) | 56 (36%) | 0.76 (0.46-1.25) | 37 (39%) | 0.77 (0.44-1.36) | 19 (32%) | 0.73 (0.36-1.50) | |||||||
| Maternal age at index child's birth (y) | ||||||||||||||
| <35 | 120 (70%) | 95 (60%) | 1.00 | 63 (65%) | 1.00 | 32 (52%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| ≥35 | 52 (30%) | 63 (40%) | 1.53 (0.97-2.41) | 34 (35%) | 1.25 (0.73-2.11) | 29 (48%) | 2.09 (1.15-3.81) | |||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||||||
| ≤High school graduate | 41 (24%) | 62 (39%) | 1.00 | 40 (41%) | 1.00 | 22 (36%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Some post–high school | 57 (33%) | 45 (28%) | 0.52 (0.30-0.91) | 27 (28%) | 0.49 (0.26-0.91) | 18 (30%) | 0.59 (0.28-1.23) | |||||||
| College graduate | 74 (43%) | 51 (32%) | 0.46 (0.27-0.78) | 30 (31%) | 0.42 (0.23-0.76) | 21 (34%) | 0.53 (0.26-1.08) | |||||||
| Maternal ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| White | 152 (88%) | 126 (80%) | 1.00 | 79 (81%) | 1.00 | 47 (77%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Non-white | 20 (12%) | 32 (20%) | 1.93 (1.05-3.54) | 18 (19%) | 1.73 (0.87-3.46) | 14 (23%) | 2.26 (1.06-4.83) | |||||||
| Maternal X-ray exposure during pregnancy | ||||||||||||||
| No | 168 (97%) | 150 (96%) | 1.00 | 89 (93%) | 1.00 | 61 (100%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 (3%) | 7 (4%) | 1.57 (0.49-5.04) | 7 (7%) | 2.64 (0.82-8.57) | 0 (0%) | ||||||||
| Maternal periconceptional vitamin use | ||||||||||||||
| No | 63 (36%) | 76 (48%) | 1.00 | 52 (54%) | 1.00 | 24 (39%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Yes | 110 (64%) | 82 (52%) | 0.62 (0.40-0.96) | 45 (46%) | 0.50 (0.30-0.82) | 37 (61%) | 0.88 (0.48-1.61) | |||||||
| . | Controls . | Combined cases . | . | ALL . | . | AML . | . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n (%) . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | |||||||
| Reference age (y)* | ||||||||||||||
| <2 | 77 (45%) | 63 (40%) | 13 (13%) | 50 (82%) | ||||||||||
| 2-5 | 51 (29%) | 66 (42%) | 55 (57%) | 11 (18%) | ||||||||||
| ≥6 | 45 (26%) | 29 (18%) | 29 (30%) | 0 (0%) | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 90 (52%) | 85 (54%) | 1.00 | 57 (59%) | 1.00 | 28 (46%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Female | 83 (48%) | 73 (46%) | 0.93 (0.60-1.43) | 40 (41%) | 0.76 (0.46-1.26) | 33 (54%) | 1.28 (0.71-2.29) | |||||||
| Number of siblings | ||||||||||||||
| 0 | 23 (13%) | 24 (15%) | 1.00 | 12 (12%) | 1.00 | 12 (20%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| 1 | 67 (39%) | 56 (35%) | 0.80 (0.41-1.57) | 30 (31%) | 0.86 (0.38-1.95) | 26 (43%) | 0.74 (0.32-1.71) | |||||||
| ≥2 | 82 (48%) | 78 (49%) | 0.91 (0.48-1.75) | 55 (57%) | 1.29 (0.59-2.80) | 23 (38%) | 0.54 (0.23-1.24) | |||||||
| Household income | ||||||||||||||
| ≤$30,000 | 57 (33%) | 57 (37%) | 1.00 | 37 (39%) | 1.00 | 20 (33%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| $30,001-$50,000 | 41 (24%) | 43 (28%) | 1.05 (0.60-1.84) | 22 (23%) | 0.83 (0.43-1.60) | 21 (35%) | 1.46 (0.70-3.04) | |||||||
| >$50,000 | 74 (43%) | 56 (36%) | 0.76 (0.46-1.25) | 37 (39%) | 0.77 (0.44-1.36) | 19 (32%) | 0.73 (0.36-1.50) | |||||||
| Maternal age at index child's birth (y) | ||||||||||||||
| <35 | 120 (70%) | 95 (60%) | 1.00 | 63 (65%) | 1.00 | 32 (52%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| ≥35 | 52 (30%) | 63 (40%) | 1.53 (0.97-2.41) | 34 (35%) | 1.25 (0.73-2.11) | 29 (48%) | 2.09 (1.15-3.81) | |||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||||||
| ≤High school graduate | 41 (24%) | 62 (39%) | 1.00 | 40 (41%) | 1.00 | 22 (36%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Some post–high school | 57 (33%) | 45 (28%) | 0.52 (0.30-0.91) | 27 (28%) | 0.49 (0.26-0.91) | 18 (30%) | 0.59 (0.28-1.23) | |||||||
| College graduate | 74 (43%) | 51 (32%) | 0.46 (0.27-0.78) | 30 (31%) | 0.42 (0.23-0.76) | 21 (34%) | 0.53 (0.26-1.08) | |||||||
| Maternal ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| White | 152 (88%) | 126 (80%) | 1.00 | 79 (81%) | 1.00 | 47 (77%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Non-white | 20 (12%) | 32 (20%) | 1.93 (1.05-3.54) | 18 (19%) | 1.73 (0.87-3.46) | 14 (23%) | 2.26 (1.06-4.83) | |||||||
| Maternal X-ray exposure during pregnancy | ||||||||||||||
| No | 168 (97%) | 150 (96%) | 1.00 | 89 (93%) | 1.00 | 61 (100%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 (3%) | 7 (4%) | 1.57 (0.49-5.04) | 7 (7%) | 2.64 (0.82-8.57) | 0 (0%) | ||||||||
| Maternal periconceptional vitamin use | ||||||||||||||
| No | 63 (36%) | 76 (48%) | 1.00 | 52 (54%) | 1.00 | 24 (39%) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Yes | 110 (64%) | 82 (52%) | 0.62 (0.40-0.96) | 45 (46%) | 0.50 (0.30-0.82) | 37 (61%) | 0.88 (0.48-1.61) | |||||||
Reference age, the frequency matching factor, was not evaluated with respect to odds of leukemia.