Adjusted RR of prostate cancer comparing top to bottom quintiles of blood fatty acid levels according to tumor characteristics
| Fatty acid . | Localized tumors-stage A/B (n = 289 cases) . | . | Advanced tumors-stage C/D (n = 108 cases) . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | RR* (95% CI) . | Ptrend† . | RR* (95% CI) . | Ptrend† . | ||||
| Tumor stage | ||||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 0.55 (0.32-0.94) | 0.04 | 0.67 (0.28-1.58) | 0.55 | ||||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 1.74 (1.00-3.02) | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.43-2.35) | 0.88 | ||||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.63 (0.98-2.72) | 0.08 | 2.25 (0.92-5.50) | 0.01 | ||||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 0.68 (0.40-1.15) | 0.10 | 2.45 (1.02-5.90) | 0.08 | ||||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 1.66 (1.02-2.71) | 0.05 | 1.04 (0.45-2.38) | 0.75 | ||||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 0.46 (0.24-0.86) | 0.02 | 1.27 (0.49-3.29) | 0.77 | ||||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.46 (0.26-0.83) | 0.003 | 0.72 (0.30-1.73) | 0.46 | ||||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 0.53 (0.30-0.94) | 0.02 | 0.98 (0.39-2.50) | 0.92 | ||||
| Long-chain n-3‡ | 0.52 (0.28-0.94) | 0.004 | 1.03 (0.41-2.63) | 0.87 | ||||
| Fatty acid | Gleason < 7 (n = 244 cases) | Gleason ≥ 7 (n = 130 cases) | ||||||
| RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | |||||
| Tumor grade | ||||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 0.79 (0.44-1.43) | 0.55 | 0.38 (0.17-0.86) | 0.02 | ||||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 0.87 (0.48-1.57) | 0.93 | 3.44 (1.51-7.86) | 0.01 | ||||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.47 (0.85-2.54) | 0.18 | 1.48 (0.68-3.22) | 0.24 | ||||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 0.98 (0.55-1.74) | 0.87 | 1.43 (0.61-3.32) | 0.73 | ||||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 1.56 (0.90-2.71) | 0.30 | 1.49 (0.67-3.27) | 0.29 | ||||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 0.57 (0.28-1.11) | 0.07 | 0.42 (0.15-1.14) | 0.07 | ||||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.72 (0.39-1.32) | 0.21 | 0.30 (0.12-0.80) | 0.008 | ||||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 0.64 (0.35-1.17) | 0.26 | 0.53 (0.21-1.31) | 0.40 | ||||
| Long-chain n-3‡ | 0.58 (0.31-1.10) | 0.08 | 0.63 (0.26-1.55) | 0.18 | ||||
| Fatty acid | Non-aggressive tumors (n = 209 cases) | Aggressive tumors (n = 221 cases) | ||||||
| RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | |||||
| Tumor aggressiveness | ||||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 0.61 (0.33-1.16) | 0.14 | 0.52 (0.28-0.95) | 0.06 | ||||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 1.12 (0.60-2.09) | 0.19 | 2.09 (1.14-3.83) | 0.04 | ||||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.86 (1.00-3.46) | 0.05 | 1.55 (0.86-2.78) | 0.08 | ||||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 0.83 (0.45-1.54) | 0.41 | 1.25 (0.69-2.28) | 0.59 | ||||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 1.73 (0.98-3.07) | 0.09 | 1.14 (0.64-2.03) | 0.84 | ||||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 0.58 (0.28-1.17) | 0.15 | 0.61 (0.30-1.25) | 0.09 | ||||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.62 (0.32-1.21) | 0.13 | 0.42 (0.21-0.83) | 0.004 | ||||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 0.64 (0.33-1.24) | 0.20 | 0.53 (0.26-1.05) | 0.16 | ||||
| Long-chain n-3‡ | 0.61 (0.31-1.20) | 0.10 | 0.56 (0.27-1.13) | 0.03 | ||||
| Fatty acid . | Localized tumors-stage A/B (n = 289 cases) . | . | Advanced tumors-stage C/D (n = 108 cases) . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | RR* (95% CI) . | Ptrend† . | RR* (95% CI) . | Ptrend† . | ||||
| Tumor stage | ||||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 0.55 (0.32-0.94) | 0.04 | 0.67 (0.28-1.58) | 0.55 | ||||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 1.74 (1.00-3.02) | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.43-2.35) | 0.88 | ||||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.63 (0.98-2.72) | 0.08 | 2.25 (0.92-5.50) | 0.01 | ||||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 0.68 (0.40-1.15) | 0.10 | 2.45 (1.02-5.90) | 0.08 | ||||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 1.66 (1.02-2.71) | 0.05 | 1.04 (0.45-2.38) | 0.75 | ||||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 0.46 (0.24-0.86) | 0.02 | 1.27 (0.49-3.29) | 0.77 | ||||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.46 (0.26-0.83) | 0.003 | 0.72 (0.30-1.73) | 0.46 | ||||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 0.53 (0.30-0.94) | 0.02 | 0.98 (0.39-2.50) | 0.92 | ||||
| Long-chain n-3‡ | 0.52 (0.28-0.94) | 0.004 | 1.03 (0.41-2.63) | 0.87 | ||||
| Fatty acid | Gleason < 7 (n = 244 cases) | Gleason ≥ 7 (n = 130 cases) | ||||||
| RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | |||||
| Tumor grade | ||||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 0.79 (0.44-1.43) | 0.55 | 0.38 (0.17-0.86) | 0.02 | ||||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 0.87 (0.48-1.57) | 0.93 | 3.44 (1.51-7.86) | 0.01 | ||||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.47 (0.85-2.54) | 0.18 | 1.48 (0.68-3.22) | 0.24 | ||||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 0.98 (0.55-1.74) | 0.87 | 1.43 (0.61-3.32) | 0.73 | ||||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 1.56 (0.90-2.71) | 0.30 | 1.49 (0.67-3.27) | 0.29 | ||||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 0.57 (0.28-1.11) | 0.07 | 0.42 (0.15-1.14) | 0.07 | ||||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.72 (0.39-1.32) | 0.21 | 0.30 (0.12-0.80) | 0.008 | ||||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 0.64 (0.35-1.17) | 0.26 | 0.53 (0.21-1.31) | 0.40 | ||||
| Long-chain n-3‡ | 0.58 (0.31-1.10) | 0.08 | 0.63 (0.26-1.55) | 0.18 | ||||
| Fatty acid | Non-aggressive tumors (n = 209 cases) | Aggressive tumors (n = 221 cases) | ||||||
| RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | RR* (95% CI) | Ptrend† | |||||
| Tumor aggressiveness | ||||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 0.61 (0.33-1.16) | 0.14 | 0.52 (0.28-0.95) | 0.06 | ||||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 1.12 (0.60-2.09) | 0.19 | 2.09 (1.14-3.83) | 0.04 | ||||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.86 (1.00-3.46) | 0.05 | 1.55 (0.86-2.78) | 0.08 | ||||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 0.83 (0.45-1.54) | 0.41 | 1.25 (0.69-2.28) | 0.59 | ||||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 1.73 (0.98-3.07) | 0.09 | 1.14 (0.64-2.03) | 0.84 | ||||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 0.58 (0.28-1.17) | 0.15 | 0.61 (0.30-1.25) | 0.09 | ||||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.62 (0.32-1.21) | 0.13 | 0.42 (0.21-0.83) | 0.004 | ||||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 0.64 (0.33-1.24) | 0.20 | 0.53 (0.26-1.05) | 0.16 | ||||
| Long-chain n-3‡ | 0.61 (0.31-1.20) | 0.10 | 0.56 (0.27-1.13) | 0.03 | ||||
NOTE: Adjusted for matching factors (age, smoking status at baseline, and length of follow-up).
For men in the highest quintile of the specific fatty acid in comparison to men in the lowest quintile.
Calculated with median fatty acid concentration in each quintile as a continuous variable.
Eicosapentaenoic acid + docosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid.