Baseline characteristics of prostate cancer cases and control subjects
| . | Cases (n = 476) . | Controls (n = 476) . | P* . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y† | 58 [53-64] | 58 [53-63] | Matched | |||
| Length of follow-up, y† | 9 [7-11] | — | ||||
| Disease status at diagnosis, % | ||||||
| Localized (stage A or B) | 61 | — | ||||
| Advanced (stage C or D) | 23 | — | ||||
| Undetermined | 16 | — | ||||
| Tumor grade at diagnosis, % | ||||||
| Gleason < 7 | 51 | — | ||||
| Gleason ≥ 7 | 27 | — | ||||
| Undetermined | 22 | — | ||||
| Date of diagnosis, % | ||||||
| Before October 1, 1990 | 33 | — | ||||
| On or after October 1, 1990 | 67 | — | ||||
| Smoking status, % | Matched | |||||
| Current | 8 | 8 | ||||
| Former | 42 | 42 | ||||
| White/Caucasian, % | 95 | 93 | 0.49 | |||
| Height, m† | 1.78 [1.75-1.83] | 1.78 [1.73-1.83] | 0.14 | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2† | 24.4 [23.1-25.8] | 24.2 [22.8-25.8] | 0.15 | |||
| Regular multivitamin use, % | 21 | 24 | 0.45 | |||
| Vigorous exercise twice per week or more, % | 58 | 55 | 0.40 | |||
| Alcohol use once per day or more, % | 32 | 30 | 0.48 | |||
| Whole milk once per day or more, % | 7 | 8 | 0.71 | |||
| Low-fat milk once per day or more, % | 27 | 23 | 0.15 | |||
| Treatment assignment | 0.40 | |||||
| Placebo alone | 23 | 28 | ||||
| Aspirin alone | 26 | 26 | ||||
| β-Carotene alone | 26 | 25 | ||||
| Aspirin and β-carotene | 25 | 22 | ||||
| Blood fatty acids, % total fatty acids† | ||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 24.9 [22.7-26.9] | 25.3 [23.3-27.2] | 0.04 | |||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 0.27 [0.21-0.35] | 0.26 [0.21-0.33] | 0.09 | |||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.40 [1.24-1.61] | 1.36 [1.22-1.53] | 0.02 | |||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 10.2 [9.01-11.2] | 10.1 [9.00-11.2] | 0.80 | |||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 0.36 [0.29-0.45] | 0.35 [0.29-0.43] | 0.30 | |||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 1.74 [1.48-2.01] | 1.79 [1.52-2.06] | 0.06 | |||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.94 [0.84-1.06] | 0.97 [0.86-1.09] | 0.01 | |||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 2.18 [1.81-2.61] | 2.19 [1.82-2.78] | 0.26 | |||
| Long-chain n-3 | 4.86 [4.25-5.51] | 4.96 [4.30-5.74] | 0.06 | |||
| . | Cases (n = 476) . | Controls (n = 476) . | P* . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y† | 58 [53-64] | 58 [53-63] | Matched | |||
| Length of follow-up, y† | 9 [7-11] | — | ||||
| Disease status at diagnosis, % | ||||||
| Localized (stage A or B) | 61 | — | ||||
| Advanced (stage C or D) | 23 | — | ||||
| Undetermined | 16 | — | ||||
| Tumor grade at diagnosis, % | ||||||
| Gleason < 7 | 51 | — | ||||
| Gleason ≥ 7 | 27 | — | ||||
| Undetermined | 22 | — | ||||
| Date of diagnosis, % | ||||||
| Before October 1, 1990 | 33 | — | ||||
| On or after October 1, 1990 | 67 | — | ||||
| Smoking status, % | Matched | |||||
| Current | 8 | 8 | ||||
| Former | 42 | 42 | ||||
| White/Caucasian, % | 95 | 93 | 0.49 | |||
| Height, m† | 1.78 [1.75-1.83] | 1.78 [1.73-1.83] | 0.14 | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2† | 24.4 [23.1-25.8] | 24.2 [22.8-25.8] | 0.15 | |||
| Regular multivitamin use, % | 21 | 24 | 0.45 | |||
| Vigorous exercise twice per week or more, % | 58 | 55 | 0.40 | |||
| Alcohol use once per day or more, % | 32 | 30 | 0.48 | |||
| Whole milk once per day or more, % | 7 | 8 | 0.71 | |||
| Low-fat milk once per day or more, % | 27 | 23 | 0.15 | |||
| Treatment assignment | 0.40 | |||||
| Placebo alone | 23 | 28 | ||||
| Aspirin alone | 26 | 26 | ||||
| β-Carotene alone | 26 | 25 | ||||
| Aspirin and β-carotene | 25 | 22 | ||||
| Blood fatty acids, % total fatty acids† | ||||||
| Linoleic (18:2n-6) | 24.9 [22.7-26.9] | 25.3 [23.3-27.2] | 0.04 | |||
| γ-Linolenic (18:3n-6) | 0.27 [0.21-0.35] | 0.26 [0.21-0.33] | 0.09 | |||
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) | 1.40 [1.24-1.61] | 1.36 [1.22-1.53] | 0.02 | |||
| Arachidonic (20:4n-6) | 10.2 [9.01-11.2] | 10.1 [9.00-11.2] | 0.80 | |||
| α-Linolenic (18:3n-3) | 0.36 [0.29-0.45] | 0.35 [0.29-0.43] | 0.30 | |||
| Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) | 1.74 [1.48-2.01] | 1.79 [1.52-2.06] | 0.06 | |||
| Docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) | 0.94 [0.84-1.06] | 0.97 [0.86-1.09] | 0.01 | |||
| Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) | 2.18 [1.81-2.61] | 2.19 [1.82-2.78] | 0.26 | |||
| Long-chain n-3 | 4.86 [4.25-5.51] | 4.96 [4.30-5.74] | 0.06 | |||