Baseline age-adjusted characteristics (means and proportions) by aspartame intake levels derived from aspartame-containing beverages, the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995-2000 (N = 473,984)
Baseline characteristics . | Overall . | Aspartame intake (mg/d) . | . | . | . | . | . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | . | None . | >0, <100 . | ≥100, <200 . | ≥200, <400 . | ≥400, <600 . | ≥600 . | |||||||
Cohort participants (%) | 100 | 46 | 25 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 4 | |||||||
Aspartame (mg/d) [among users only] | 111 [205] | 0 | 47 | 147 | 267 | 441 | 986 | |||||||
Age at entry | 62.0 | 62.2 | 62.5 | 61.9 | 61.4 | 60.7 | 59.9 | |||||||
Sex (% women) | 40 | 38 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 35 | 34 | |||||||
Ethnicity (%) | ||||||||||||||
Non–Hispanic White | 91 | 90 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 94 | |||||||
Non–Hispanic Black | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
Others | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
Education (%) | ||||||||||||||
<12 years | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | |||||||
12-15 | 52 | 53 | 51 | 51 | 53 | 52 | 56 | |||||||
16+ | 39 | 37 | 42 | 41 | 39 | 40 | 34 | |||||||
Error or missing responses | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
History of diabetes (%) | 9 | 3 | 9 | 14 | 19 | 22 | 26 | |||||||
Family history of cancer (%) | 49 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 49 | 48 | |||||||
Alcohol (g/d) | 12 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 13 | |||||||
Smoking (%) | ||||||||||||||
Never | 36 | 36 | 37 | 35 | 33 | 31 | 29 | |||||||
Former | 51 | 47 | 53 | 55 | 56 | 58 | 57 | |||||||
Current | 12 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 13 | |||||||
Error or missing responses | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
BMI | 27 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | |||||||
≥18.5, <25 (%) | 35 | 42 | 33 | 29 | 24 | 21 | 19 | |||||||
≥25, <30 | 43 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 42 | |||||||
≥30, <35 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 22 | 23 | 26 | |||||||
≥35 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | |||||||
Physical activity (%) | ||||||||||||||
≤3-4 /mo | 31 | 32 | 29 | 29 | 31 | 32 | 37 | |||||||
≤1-2 /wk | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 19 | |||||||
≥3-4 /wk | 46 | 45 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 45 | 43 | |||||||
Calories (kcal) | 1,835 | 1,919 | 1,692 | 1,734 | 1,844 | 1,855 | 2,044 | |||||||
Caffeine (mg/d) | 366 | 393 | 321 | 336 | 367 | 364 | 424 | |||||||
Daily frequency (serving/d) | ||||||||||||||
Diet soda | 0.4 | — | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 3.5 | |||||||
Diet fruit drinks | 0.05 | — | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |||||||
Diet iced tea | 0.1 | — | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |||||||
Aspartame in coffee/hot tea | 0.3 | — | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Baseline characteristics . | Overall . | Aspartame intake (mg/d) . | . | . | . | . | . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | . | None . | >0, <100 . | ≥100, <200 . | ≥200, <400 . | ≥400, <600 . | ≥600 . | |||||||
Cohort participants (%) | 100 | 46 | 25 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 4 | |||||||
Aspartame (mg/d) [among users only] | 111 [205] | 0 | 47 | 147 | 267 | 441 | 986 | |||||||
Age at entry | 62.0 | 62.2 | 62.5 | 61.9 | 61.4 | 60.7 | 59.9 | |||||||
Sex (% women) | 40 | 38 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 35 | 34 | |||||||
Ethnicity (%) | ||||||||||||||
Non–Hispanic White | 91 | 90 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 94 | |||||||
Non–Hispanic Black | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
Others | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
Education (%) | ||||||||||||||
<12 years | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | |||||||
12-15 | 52 | 53 | 51 | 51 | 53 | 52 | 56 | |||||||
16+ | 39 | 37 | 42 | 41 | 39 | 40 | 34 | |||||||
Error or missing responses | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
History of diabetes (%) | 9 | 3 | 9 | 14 | 19 | 22 | 26 | |||||||
Family history of cancer (%) | 49 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 49 | 48 | |||||||
Alcohol (g/d) | 12 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 13 | |||||||
Smoking (%) | ||||||||||||||
Never | 36 | 36 | 37 | 35 | 33 | 31 | 29 | |||||||
Former | 51 | 47 | 53 | 55 | 56 | 58 | 57 | |||||||
Current | 12 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 13 | |||||||
Error or missing responses | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
BMI | 27 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | |||||||
≥18.5, <25 (%) | 35 | 42 | 33 | 29 | 24 | 21 | 19 | |||||||
≥25, <30 | 43 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 42 | |||||||
≥30, <35 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 22 | 23 | 26 | |||||||
≥35 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | |||||||
Physical activity (%) | ||||||||||||||
≤3-4 /mo | 31 | 32 | 29 | 29 | 31 | 32 | 37 | |||||||
≤1-2 /wk | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 19 | |||||||
≥3-4 /wk | 46 | 45 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 45 | 43 | |||||||
Calories (kcal) | 1,835 | 1,919 | 1,692 | 1,734 | 1,844 | 1,855 | 2,044 | |||||||
Caffeine (mg/d) | 366 | 393 | 321 | 336 | 367 | 364 | 424 | |||||||
Daily frequency (serving/d) | ||||||||||||||
Diet soda | 0.4 | — | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 3.5 | |||||||
Diet fruit drinks | 0.05 | — | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |||||||
Diet iced tea | 0.1 | — | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |||||||
Aspartame in coffee/hot tea | 0.3 | — | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
NOTE: General linear regression model was used to estimate age-adjusted means of variables for each aspartame intake level.