Self-reported anthropometric measures, history of cryptorchidism, family history of testicular cancer, highest school degree, and post-school professional degree among 269 testicular cancer cases and 797 matching controls
| . | Complete study . | . | . | Seminoma . | . | . | Nonseminoma . | . | . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Cases . | Controls . | RR* (95% CI) . | Cases . | Controls . | RR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Controls . | RR (95% CI) . | |||||||||
| Age (y) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 15-24 | 25 | 67 | 4 | 44 | 21 | 67 | ||||||||||||
| 25-34 | 116 | 301 | 69 | 301 | 47 | 297 | ||||||||||||
| 35-44 | 96 | 235 | 72 | 235 | 24 | 226 | ||||||||||||
| 45-54 | 19 | 83 | 15 | 53 | 4 | 48 | ||||||||||||
| 55-64 | 13 | 111 | 10 | 92 | 3 | 44 | ||||||||||||
| Self-reported height (cm)† | ||||||||||||||||||
| ≤173 | 39 | 185 | 1.00 | 29 | 161 | 1.00 | 10 | 135 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 174-178 | 52 | 201 | 0.94 (0.58-1.52) | 37 | 182 | 0.97 (0.56-1.68) | 15 | 175 | 1.00 (0.43-2.32) | |||||||||
| 179-183 | 83 | 195 | 1.64 (1.04-2.58) | 49 | 178 | 1.35 (0.80-2.30) | 34 | 170 | 2.60 (1.21-5.59) | |||||||||
| ≥184 | 93 | 210 | 1.45 (0.92-2.27) | 53 | 199 | 1.21 (0.71-2.06) | 40 | 196 | 2.23 (1.05-4.74) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Self-reported body mass index (kg/m2)† | ||||||||||||||||||
| ≤22.3 | 78 | 182 | 1.00 | 48 | 166 | 1.00 | 30 | 172 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| [22.3-24.4] | 68 | 188 | 1.02 (0.68-1.53) | 44 | 175 | 0.90 (0.55-1.47) | 24 | 165 | 1.25 (0.67-2.31) | |||||||||
| [24.4-26.6] | 63 | 184 | 1.00 (0.65-1.52) | 43 | 168 | 0.89 (0.54-1.47) | 20 | 155 | 1.07 (0.56-2.06) | |||||||||
| [>26.6] | 49 | 180 | 0.96 (0.61-1.51) | 29 | 160 | 0.73 (0.42-1.47) | 20 | 130 | 1.45 (0.74-2.84) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 11 | 63 | 6 | 56 | 5 | 60 | ||||||||||||
| Cryptorchidism ever had | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 226 | 755 | 1.00 | 141 | 686 | 1.00 | 85 | 643 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Yes | 39 | 27 | 4.21 (2.48-7.14) | 25 | 26 | 4.22 (2.30-7.72) | 14 | 26 | 3.55 (1.74-7.21) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 4 | 15 | 4 | 13 | 0 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Family history of testicular cancer‡ | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 258 | 791 | 1.00 | 162 | 720 | 1.00 | 96 | 676 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Yes | 11 | 6 | 5.94 (2.10-16.84) | 8 | 5 | 6.65 (2.07-21.34) | 3 | 6 | 4.06 (0.94-17.50) | |||||||||
| Years at school§ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Schoolboy | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| ≤9 | 89 | 304 | 1.00 | 60 | 267 | 1.00 | 29 | 225 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 10 | 61 | 192 | 0.84 (0.56-1.25) | 39 | 180 | 0.84 (0.53-1.35) | 22 | 172 | 0.82 (0.44-1.52) | |||||||||
| 12 | 25 | 78 | 0.86 (0.50-1.45) | 17 | 75 | 0.86 (0.46-1.59) | 8 | 73 | 0.80 (0.34-1.87) | |||||||||
| 13 | 93 | 217 | 1.05 (0.72-1.53) | 54 | 200 | 1.00 (0.63-1.58) | 39 | 206 | 1.13 (0.64-1.99) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Highest professional post-school degree∥ | ||||||||||||||||||
| None | 24 | 95 | 1.00 | 12 | 88 | 1.00 | 12 | 80 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Apprenticeship | 164 | 485 | 1.53 (0.93-2.53) | 111 | 446 | 2.16 (1.09-4.27) | 53 | 400 | 0.92 (0.46-1.86) | |||||||||
| University degree | 62 | 154 | 1.47 (0.85-2.56) | 40 | 142 | 1.78 (0.85-3.74) | 22 | 140 | 1.12 (0.51-2.46) | |||||||||
| Other | 19 | 63 | 0.86 (0.38-1.93) | 7 | 49 | 1.59 (0.49-5.12) | 12 | 62 | 0.47 (0.16-1.36) | |||||||||
| . | Complete study . | . | . | Seminoma . | . | . | Nonseminoma . | . | . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Cases . | Controls . | RR* (95% CI) . | Cases . | Controls . | RR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Controls . | RR (95% CI) . | |||||||||
| Age (y) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 15-24 | 25 | 67 | 4 | 44 | 21 | 67 | ||||||||||||
| 25-34 | 116 | 301 | 69 | 301 | 47 | 297 | ||||||||||||
| 35-44 | 96 | 235 | 72 | 235 | 24 | 226 | ||||||||||||
| 45-54 | 19 | 83 | 15 | 53 | 4 | 48 | ||||||||||||
| 55-64 | 13 | 111 | 10 | 92 | 3 | 44 | ||||||||||||
| Self-reported height (cm)† | ||||||||||||||||||
| ≤173 | 39 | 185 | 1.00 | 29 | 161 | 1.00 | 10 | 135 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 174-178 | 52 | 201 | 0.94 (0.58-1.52) | 37 | 182 | 0.97 (0.56-1.68) | 15 | 175 | 1.00 (0.43-2.32) | |||||||||
| 179-183 | 83 | 195 | 1.64 (1.04-2.58) | 49 | 178 | 1.35 (0.80-2.30) | 34 | 170 | 2.60 (1.21-5.59) | |||||||||
| ≥184 | 93 | 210 | 1.45 (0.92-2.27) | 53 | 199 | 1.21 (0.71-2.06) | 40 | 196 | 2.23 (1.05-4.74) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Self-reported body mass index (kg/m2)† | ||||||||||||||||||
| ≤22.3 | 78 | 182 | 1.00 | 48 | 166 | 1.00 | 30 | 172 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| [22.3-24.4] | 68 | 188 | 1.02 (0.68-1.53) | 44 | 175 | 0.90 (0.55-1.47) | 24 | 165 | 1.25 (0.67-2.31) | |||||||||
| [24.4-26.6] | 63 | 184 | 1.00 (0.65-1.52) | 43 | 168 | 0.89 (0.54-1.47) | 20 | 155 | 1.07 (0.56-2.06) | |||||||||
| [>26.6] | 49 | 180 | 0.96 (0.61-1.51) | 29 | 160 | 0.73 (0.42-1.47) | 20 | 130 | 1.45 (0.74-2.84) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 11 | 63 | 6 | 56 | 5 | 60 | ||||||||||||
| Cryptorchidism ever had | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 226 | 755 | 1.00 | 141 | 686 | 1.00 | 85 | 643 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Yes | 39 | 27 | 4.21 (2.48-7.14) | 25 | 26 | 4.22 (2.30-7.72) | 14 | 26 | 3.55 (1.74-7.21) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 4 | 15 | 4 | 13 | 0 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Family history of testicular cancer‡ | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 258 | 791 | 1.00 | 162 | 720 | 1.00 | 96 | 676 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Yes | 11 | 6 | 5.94 (2.10-16.84) | 8 | 5 | 6.65 (2.07-21.34) | 3 | 6 | 4.06 (0.94-17.50) | |||||||||
| Years at school§ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Schoolboy | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| ≤9 | 89 | 304 | 1.00 | 60 | 267 | 1.00 | 29 | 225 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 10 | 61 | 192 | 0.84 (0.56-1.25) | 39 | 180 | 0.84 (0.53-1.35) | 22 | 172 | 0.82 (0.44-1.52) | |||||||||
| 12 | 25 | 78 | 0.86 (0.50-1.45) | 17 | 75 | 0.86 (0.46-1.59) | 8 | 73 | 0.80 (0.34-1.87) | |||||||||
| 13 | 93 | 217 | 1.05 (0.72-1.53) | 54 | 200 | 1.00 (0.63-1.58) | 39 | 206 | 1.13 (0.64-1.99) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Highest professional post-school degree∥ | ||||||||||||||||||
| None | 24 | 95 | 1.00 | 12 | 88 | 1.00 | 12 | 80 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Apprenticeship | 164 | 485 | 1.53 (0.93-2.53) | 111 | 446 | 2.16 (1.09-4.27) | 53 | 400 | 0.92 (0.46-1.86) | |||||||||
| University degree | 62 | 154 | 1.47 (0.85-2.56) | 40 | 142 | 1.78 (0.85-3.74) | 22 | 140 | 1.12 (0.51-2.46) | |||||||||
| Other | 19 | 63 | 0.86 (0.38-1.93) | 7 | 49 | 1.59 (0.49-5.12) | 12 | 62 | 0.47 (0.16-1.36) | |||||||||
RR estimates and 95% CIs are based on the matched evaluation, matching for age and region.
Height, weight, and body mass index based on self-reported height and weight 1 year before interview.
Father or brothers with testicular cancer.
≤9: reference group including: no school degree, “Sonderschulabschluss, Volksschulabschluss, Hauptschulabschluss.”
Apprenticeship including technical colleges degrees (“Fachschule”); university or college degrees (“Abitur oder Fachabitur”); others included schoolboys, apprentices, students, people in the community service or military services.