Characteristics of general population studies on mammographic features in relation to breast cancer incidence
| First author, y (ref.) . | Study design. Study population characteristics. Matching variables if applicable (Match). Variables adjusted for in analysis (Adj) . | No. cases: noncases . | Age (y) . | Mammographic feature . | Postmammography (y)* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbeek, 1984 (32) | CC. Cases: diagnosed at 4th screening round in 1981-1982, Nijmegen screening program, the Netherlands; controls: 4 screening rounds. Adj: A, AM, P, AFB, OC, MP, BMI. | 20:60 | 35-64 | Wolfe | 5-6 |
| Brisson, 1988 (2) | Cohort of white women in follow-up of BCDDP, United States, 1974-1985. Adj: A. | 1,999:53,054 | 35-74 | 3 grades | 1-9 |
| de Stavola, 1990 (33) | Cohort: Guernsey prospective study, United Kingdom. 1977-1988. Adj: A, FUP, BMI. | 58:4,896 | 30-75+ | Wolfe | 0.5 to ∼7 |
| Ciatto, 1993 (34) | Cohort: Florence district population screening, Italy. 1985-1991. Adj: A. | 126:17,745 | 40-70 | Wolfe | >0 to 5 |
| Boyd, 1995 (10); Byng, 1998 (35); Yaffe, 1998 (36) | NCC. Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Match: YR, A, FUP, C. Adj: AM, P, AFB, FH, HT, WT. | 354:354 | 40-59 | PD, SK, FD | 1-5 |
| Byrne, 1995 (27) | NCC of all cases diagnosed during screening or follow-up in 22 of 29 BCDDP centers, United States, 1974-1989. Match: A, C, R, YR, no. screens. Adj: AFB, FH, EDUC, ALC, reproductive years, benign biopsy, WT. | 1,880:2,152 | 35-74 | Wolfe, PD | 1-16 |
| Kato, 1995 (37) | NCC. New York University Women's Health Study, United States, 1985-1991. Match: A, MP, YR, no. blood samples. Adj: P, BMI, time since menopause. | 52:195 (pre) 91:178 (post) | 35-65 | Wolfe, PD | 0.5-6 |
| Thurfjell, 1996 (38) | NCC. Uppsala county screening program, Sweden. 1988-1993. Match: A. Adj: A, breast size. | 295:589 | 40-74 | Wolfe | 1-5 |
| Salminen, 1998 (39) | Cohort of pilot screening program, Kofta, Finland. 1982-1993. Adj: A. | 68:3,994 | 40-47 | Wolfe | 0.5-10 |
| Maskarinec, 2000 (29) | NCC. Kaiser Permenente, Hawaii, United States, 1991-1997. Match: YR, A, R. Adj: AM, MP, P, AFB, FH, HRT, previous breast problems. | 647:647 | Mean 60 | PD | Mean 0.5 |
| van Gils, 2000 (40) | NCC. Setting same as for Verbeek 1984, cases diagnosed, 1985-1994. Match: YOB, YR. Adj: P. | 129:517 | 36-72 | PD | 10-11 |
| Thomas, 2002 (30) | CC. 4 previous CC studies combined, Seattle, United States, 1983-1995. Match (frequency): A. Adj: A, C. | 547:472 | <50 | Wolfe, PD | 1 to NK |
| Ciatto, 2004 (44) | NCC of interval cancers. Florence district, Italy. 1996-1999. Match: A, YR. Adj: A. no. breast views, screening round. | 90:360 | ≥50 | PD | 0 to <2 |
| Vacek, 2004 (3) | Cohort in Vermont Breast Cancer Surveillance System, United States, 1997-2001. Adj: FH, AFB, HRT, BMI. | 1,191:60,653 | 35-75+ | BIRADS | 1 to ∼3.1 |
| Ziv, 2004 (41) | Cohort of women who had mammography between 1995-2002 at San Francisco Mammography Registry. Adj: A, BMI, HRT, FH, MP, P, R. | 701:44,110 | Mean 58 in cases | BIRADS | 0-7.5 |
| Maskarinec, 2005 (42) | NCC. Multiethnic cohort study, Hawaii, United States, 1993-2000. Match (frequency): A, R. Adj: R, A, BMI, AFB, P, AM, age at menopause, HRT, FH. | 607:667 | Mean 60 | PD | 0-7 |
| Torres-Mejia, 2005 (43) | Cohort: Guernsey prospective study, United Kingdom. 1986-2003. Adj: A, EDUC, SEC, job, P, HT, BMI, recent change in BMI. | 111:3,100 | 35-80 | Wolfe, PD, FD, SK | 0-17 |
| First author, y (ref.) . | Study design. Study population characteristics. Matching variables if applicable (Match). Variables adjusted for in analysis (Adj) . | No. cases: noncases . | Age (y) . | Mammographic feature . | Postmammography (y)* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbeek, 1984 (32) | CC. Cases: diagnosed at 4th screening round in 1981-1982, Nijmegen screening program, the Netherlands; controls: 4 screening rounds. Adj: A, AM, P, AFB, OC, MP, BMI. | 20:60 | 35-64 | Wolfe | 5-6 |
| Brisson, 1988 (2) | Cohort of white women in follow-up of BCDDP, United States, 1974-1985. Adj: A. | 1,999:53,054 | 35-74 | 3 grades | 1-9 |
| de Stavola, 1990 (33) | Cohort: Guernsey prospective study, United Kingdom. 1977-1988. Adj: A, FUP, BMI. | 58:4,896 | 30-75+ | Wolfe | 0.5 to ∼7 |
| Ciatto, 1993 (34) | Cohort: Florence district population screening, Italy. 1985-1991. Adj: A. | 126:17,745 | 40-70 | Wolfe | >0 to 5 |
| Boyd, 1995 (10); Byng, 1998 (35); Yaffe, 1998 (36) | NCC. Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Match: YR, A, FUP, C. Adj: AM, P, AFB, FH, HT, WT. | 354:354 | 40-59 | PD, SK, FD | 1-5 |
| Byrne, 1995 (27) | NCC of all cases diagnosed during screening or follow-up in 22 of 29 BCDDP centers, United States, 1974-1989. Match: A, C, R, YR, no. screens. Adj: AFB, FH, EDUC, ALC, reproductive years, benign biopsy, WT. | 1,880:2,152 | 35-74 | Wolfe, PD | 1-16 |
| Kato, 1995 (37) | NCC. New York University Women's Health Study, United States, 1985-1991. Match: A, MP, YR, no. blood samples. Adj: P, BMI, time since menopause. | 52:195 (pre) 91:178 (post) | 35-65 | Wolfe, PD | 0.5-6 |
| Thurfjell, 1996 (38) | NCC. Uppsala county screening program, Sweden. 1988-1993. Match: A. Adj: A, breast size. | 295:589 | 40-74 | Wolfe | 1-5 |
| Salminen, 1998 (39) | Cohort of pilot screening program, Kofta, Finland. 1982-1993. Adj: A. | 68:3,994 | 40-47 | Wolfe | 0.5-10 |
| Maskarinec, 2000 (29) | NCC. Kaiser Permenente, Hawaii, United States, 1991-1997. Match: YR, A, R. Adj: AM, MP, P, AFB, FH, HRT, previous breast problems. | 647:647 | Mean 60 | PD | Mean 0.5 |
| van Gils, 2000 (40) | NCC. Setting same as for Verbeek 1984, cases diagnosed, 1985-1994. Match: YOB, YR. Adj: P. | 129:517 | 36-72 | PD | 10-11 |
| Thomas, 2002 (30) | CC. 4 previous CC studies combined, Seattle, United States, 1983-1995. Match (frequency): A. Adj: A, C. | 547:472 | <50 | Wolfe, PD | 1 to NK |
| Ciatto, 2004 (44) | NCC of interval cancers. Florence district, Italy. 1996-1999. Match: A, YR. Adj: A. no. breast views, screening round. | 90:360 | ≥50 | PD | 0 to <2 |
| Vacek, 2004 (3) | Cohort in Vermont Breast Cancer Surveillance System, United States, 1997-2001. Adj: FH, AFB, HRT, BMI. | 1,191:60,653 | 35-75+ | BIRADS | 1 to ∼3.1 |
| Ziv, 2004 (41) | Cohort of women who had mammography between 1995-2002 at San Francisco Mammography Registry. Adj: A, BMI, HRT, FH, MP, P, R. | 701:44,110 | Mean 58 in cases | BIRADS | 0-7.5 |
| Maskarinec, 2005 (42) | NCC. Multiethnic cohort study, Hawaii, United States, 1993-2000. Match (frequency): A, R. Adj: R, A, BMI, AFB, P, AM, age at menopause, HRT, FH. | 607:667 | Mean 60 | PD | 0-7 |
| Torres-Mejia, 2005 (43) | Cohort: Guernsey prospective study, United Kingdom. 1986-2003. Adj: A, EDUC, SEC, job, P, HT, BMI, recent change in BMI. | 111:3,100 | 35-80 | Wolfe, PD, FD, SK | 0-17 |
Abbreviations: CC, case-control; NCC, nested case-control study; A, age; AFB, age at first birth; ALC, alcohol consumption; AM, age at menarche; C, center/clinic; EDUC, education; FH, family history of breast cancer; FUP, follow-up time; HRT, current hormone replacement therapy use; HT, height; MP, menopausal status; OC, history of oral contraceptive use; P, parity; R, race/ethnicity; SEC, socioeconomic status; WT, weight; YR, year; PD, percentage density; SK, skewness; FD, fractal dimension; BCDDP, Breast Cancer Detection and Demonstration Project.
Time from density assessment to cancer diagnosis in cases.