Selected baseline characteristics of 38,447 women according to quintiles of dietary lycopene intake
| . | Quintile of lycopene intake . | . | . | . | . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1st (<4,443 μg/d) . | 2nd (4,443 to <6,471 μg/d) . | 3rd (6,471 to <9,083 μg/d) . | 4th (9,083 to <13,044 μg/d) . | 5th (≥13,044 μg/d) . | |||||
| Number of women | 7,690 | 7,689 | 7,690 | 7,689 | 7,689 | |||||
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 7.2* | 53.7 ± 6.9 | 54.1 ± 7.0 | 54.0 ± 7.0 | 53.6 ± 6.9 | |||||
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||||
| Never | 52.6 | 51.8 | 51.0 | 51.3 | 48.4 | |||||
| Former | 33.0 | 34.9 | 36.2 | 36.4 | 39.4 | |||||
| Current | 14.4 | 13.3 | 12.9 | 12.3 | 12.2 | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 5.2 | 25.9 ± 4.9 | 26.1 ± 5.0 | 25.9 ± 5.0 | 25.9 ± 5.0 | |||||
| History of breast cancer in first-degree relative (%) | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.8 | |||||
| Exercise (%) | ||||||||||
| Rarely/never | 44.3 | 39.4 | 37.2 | 36.2 | 34.1 | |||||
| <Once/wk | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 19.4 | |||||
| One to three times/wk | 27.8 | 30.0 | 32.3 | 31.9 | 34.2 | |||||
| ≥Four times/wk | 8.8 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 12.4 | |||||
| Alcohol consumption (%) | ||||||||||
| Rarely/never | 52.2 | 45.7 | 42.1 | 42.6 | 41.2 | |||||
| One to three drinks/mo | 12.8 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 12.3 | |||||
| One to six drinks/wk | 26.6 | 31.7 | 33.9 | 32.8 | 33.7 | |||||
| ≥1 drink/d | 8.4 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 12.9 | |||||
| Menarche ≥14 years (%) | 19.5 | 18.0 | 17.9 | 18.7 | 17.4 | |||||
| Ever used oral contraceptives (%) | 66.4 | 71.3 | 68.8 | 69.9 | 71.4 | |||||
| Age at first pregnancy (%) | ||||||||||
| <20 years | 11.4 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 10.0 | |||||
| 20-34 years | 83.4 | 84.9 | 84.7 | 85.6 | 84.8 | |||||
| ≥35 years | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | |||||
| Nulliparous (%) | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | |||||
| Postmenopausal (%) | 56.4 | 53.6 | 55.5 | 54.6 | 53.6 | |||||
| Postmenopausal hormone use (%) | ||||||||||
| Never | 48.8 | 49.2 | 47.8 | 46.8 | 46.8 | |||||
| Former | 10.8 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 10.1 | |||||
| Current | 40.4 | 40.9 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 43.1 | |||||
| Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/d) | 4.8 ± 2.8 | 5.2 ± 2.8 | 5.9 ± 3.0 | 6.7 ± 3.1 | 7.6 ± 3.7 | |||||
| Other energy-adjusted dietary factors (25) | ||||||||||
| Total fiber intake (g/d) | 17.1 ± 6.0 | 17.8 ± 5.4 | 18.8 ± 5.4 | 19.8 ± 5.6 | 21.5 ± 6.2 | |||||
| Folate intake (μg/d) | 400 ± 222 | 412 ± 220 | 428 ± 224 | 437 ± 218 | 465 ± 231 | |||||
| Saturated fat intake (g/d) | 20.5 ± 5.3 | 20.2 ± 4.8 | 19.8 ± 4.6 | 19.3 ± 4.6 | 18.5 ± 4.7 | |||||
| . | Quintile of lycopene intake . | . | . | . | . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1st (<4,443 μg/d) . | 2nd (4,443 to <6,471 μg/d) . | 3rd (6,471 to <9,083 μg/d) . | 4th (9,083 to <13,044 μg/d) . | 5th (≥13,044 μg/d) . | |||||
| Number of women | 7,690 | 7,689 | 7,690 | 7,689 | 7,689 | |||||
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 7.2* | 53.7 ± 6.9 | 54.1 ± 7.0 | 54.0 ± 7.0 | 53.6 ± 6.9 | |||||
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||||
| Never | 52.6 | 51.8 | 51.0 | 51.3 | 48.4 | |||||
| Former | 33.0 | 34.9 | 36.2 | 36.4 | 39.4 | |||||
| Current | 14.4 | 13.3 | 12.9 | 12.3 | 12.2 | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 5.2 | 25.9 ± 4.9 | 26.1 ± 5.0 | 25.9 ± 5.0 | 25.9 ± 5.0 | |||||
| History of breast cancer in first-degree relative (%) | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.8 | |||||
| Exercise (%) | ||||||||||
| Rarely/never | 44.3 | 39.4 | 37.2 | 36.2 | 34.1 | |||||
| <Once/wk | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 19.4 | |||||
| One to three times/wk | 27.8 | 30.0 | 32.3 | 31.9 | 34.2 | |||||
| ≥Four times/wk | 8.8 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 12.4 | |||||
| Alcohol consumption (%) | ||||||||||
| Rarely/never | 52.2 | 45.7 | 42.1 | 42.6 | 41.2 | |||||
| One to three drinks/mo | 12.8 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 12.3 | |||||
| One to six drinks/wk | 26.6 | 31.7 | 33.9 | 32.8 | 33.7 | |||||
| ≥1 drink/d | 8.4 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 12.9 | |||||
| Menarche ≥14 years (%) | 19.5 | 18.0 | 17.9 | 18.7 | 17.4 | |||||
| Ever used oral contraceptives (%) | 66.4 | 71.3 | 68.8 | 69.9 | 71.4 | |||||
| Age at first pregnancy (%) | ||||||||||
| <20 years | 11.4 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 10.0 | |||||
| 20-34 years | 83.4 | 84.9 | 84.7 | 85.6 | 84.8 | |||||
| ≥35 years | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | |||||
| Nulliparous (%) | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | |||||
| Postmenopausal (%) | 56.4 | 53.6 | 55.5 | 54.6 | 53.6 | |||||
| Postmenopausal hormone use (%) | ||||||||||
| Never | 48.8 | 49.2 | 47.8 | 46.8 | 46.8 | |||||
| Former | 10.8 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 10.1 | |||||
| Current | 40.4 | 40.9 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 43.1 | |||||
| Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/d) | 4.8 ± 2.8 | 5.2 ± 2.8 | 5.9 ± 3.0 | 6.7 ± 3.1 | 7.6 ± 3.7 | |||||
| Other energy-adjusted dietary factors (25) | ||||||||||
| Total fiber intake (g/d) | 17.1 ± 6.0 | 17.8 ± 5.4 | 18.8 ± 5.4 | 19.8 ± 5.6 | 21.5 ± 6.2 | |||||
| Folate intake (μg/d) | 400 ± 222 | 412 ± 220 | 428 ± 224 | 437 ± 218 | 465 ± 231 | |||||
| Saturated fat intake (g/d) | 20.5 ± 5.3 | 20.2 ± 4.8 | 19.8 ± 4.6 | 19.3 ± 4.6 | 18.5 ± 4.7 | |||||
Mean ± SD.