Physical activity responsive pathways and related biomarkers
| Potential physical activity responsive pathways . | Potential biomarkers . |
|---|---|
| Immune function | Number and activity of natural killer cells (65, 66) |
| Lymphocyte cytolytic activity (67) | |
| Interleukin 1 (67) | |
| Tumor necrosis factor α | |
| Growth factors and growth factor binding proteins | Insulin-like growth factor I (2) |
| Insulin-like growth factor binding protein I and III (2) | |
| Platelet-derived growth factor (2) | |
| Sex hormones and binding proteins | Estradiol (2, 42) |
| Estrone (2, 42) | |
| Testosterone (2) | |
| Sex hormone–binding globulin (2, 42) | |
| Endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems | Glutathione system: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione (68-75) |
| Catalase (70, 71, 73) | |
| Superoxide dismutase (69-71, 73) | |
| Glutathione S-transferase (72) | |
| Oxidative stress | Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (69, 70, 76) |
| 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (77, 78) | |
| Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (79) | |
| DNA repair | Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (80) |
| Human MutT homologue (81) | |
| Phase II xenobiotic enzyme Systems | UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (45) |
| Glutathione S-transferase (45, 72) |
| Potential physical activity responsive pathways . | Potential biomarkers . |
|---|---|
| Immune function | Number and activity of natural killer cells (65, 66) |
| Lymphocyte cytolytic activity (67) | |
| Interleukin 1 (67) | |
| Tumor necrosis factor α | |
| Growth factors and growth factor binding proteins | Insulin-like growth factor I (2) |
| Insulin-like growth factor binding protein I and III (2) | |
| Platelet-derived growth factor (2) | |
| Sex hormones and binding proteins | Estradiol (2, 42) |
| Estrone (2, 42) | |
| Testosterone (2) | |
| Sex hormone–binding globulin (2, 42) | |
| Endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems | Glutathione system: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione (68-75) |
| Catalase (70, 71, 73) | |
| Superoxide dismutase (69-71, 73) | |
| Glutathione S-transferase (72) | |
| Oxidative stress | Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (69, 70, 76) |
| 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (77, 78) | |
| Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (79) | |
| DNA repair | Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (80) |
| Human MutT homologue (81) | |
| Phase II xenobiotic enzyme Systems | UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (45) |
| Glutathione S-transferase (45, 72) |