Age-standardized mean values of breast cancer risk factors among controls, by acculturation index and menopausal status
| . | Premenopausal controls . | . | . | . | . | Postmenopausal controls . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Q1 . | Q2 . | Q3 . | Q4 . | P* . | Q1 . | Q2 . | Q3 . | Q4 . | P* . | ||||||||||
| Education (y) | 5.4 | 8.7 | 12.9 | 13.4 | <0.01 | 4.0 | 7.8 | 10.8 | 12.4 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Family history of breast cancer (%) | 3.7 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 11.5 | <0.01 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 12.9 | 15.1 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| History of benign breast disease (%) | 3.0 | 9.4 | 3.6 | 9.2 | 0.19 | 6.3 | 13.7 | 17.1 | 24.5 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Age at menarche | 13.2 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.2 | <0.01 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 12.4 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| No. full-term pregnancies | 3.9 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 | <0.01 | 6.1 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Age at first full-term pregnancy | 22.0 | 22.4 | 24.3 | 24.0 | <0.01 | 22.3 | 22.9 | 24.0 | 22.8 | 0.05 | ||||||||||
| Lifetime breast-feeding (mo) | 27.9 | 20.6 | 11.4 | 7.6 | <0.01 | 37.9 | 19.6 | 9.8 | 6.1 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Postmenopausal (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural menopause | 83.6 | 68.7 | 54.8 | 53.6 | <0.01 | |||||||||||||||
| Surgical menopause† | 5.8 | 17.0 | 22.1 | 29.2 | <0.01 | |||||||||||||||
| Unknown‡ | 10.6 | 14.3 | 23.0 | 17.2 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||||
| Age at natural menopause (y) | 47.6 | 47.3 | 48.4 | 48.8 | 0.03 | |||||||||||||||
| Use of hormone therapy (%) | 32.9 | 54.4 | 63.1 | 68.8 | <0.01 | |||||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 | 29.4 | 28.7 | 29.1 | 0.16 | 30.5 | 29.5 | 29.2 | 30.1 | 0.45 | ||||||||||
| Adult height (cm) | 155.3 | 155.6 | 156.2 | 159.5 | <0.01 | 152.8 | 154.2 | 155.1 | 156.9 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Lifetime physical activity (h/wk) | 22.8 | 20.1 | 19.5 | 14.7 | <0.01 | 21.9 | 19.6 | 17.5 | 17.9 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Alcohol consumption (g/d)§ | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 5.9 | <0.01 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Caloric intake (kcal/d)§ | 2,670 | 2,351 | 2,116 | 2,231 | <0.01 | 2,075 | 2,275 | 1,998 | 1,976 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
| Fat intake (g/d)§ | 80.2 | 72.1 | 68.2 | 84.8 | 0.46 | 61.2 | 69.3 | 64.7 | 73.6 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Fiber intake (g/d)§ | 38.8 | 31.8 | 24.8 | 20.4 | <0.01 | 31.5 | 31.7 | 25.8 | 21.1 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| . | Premenopausal controls . | . | . | . | . | Postmenopausal controls . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Q1 . | Q2 . | Q3 . | Q4 . | P* . | Q1 . | Q2 . | Q3 . | Q4 . | P* . | ||||||||||
| Education (y) | 5.4 | 8.7 | 12.9 | 13.4 | <0.01 | 4.0 | 7.8 | 10.8 | 12.4 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Family history of breast cancer (%) | 3.7 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 11.5 | <0.01 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 12.9 | 15.1 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| History of benign breast disease (%) | 3.0 | 9.4 | 3.6 | 9.2 | 0.19 | 6.3 | 13.7 | 17.1 | 24.5 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Age at menarche | 13.2 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.2 | <0.01 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 12.4 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| No. full-term pregnancies | 3.9 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 | <0.01 | 6.1 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Age at first full-term pregnancy | 22.0 | 22.4 | 24.3 | 24.0 | <0.01 | 22.3 | 22.9 | 24.0 | 22.8 | 0.05 | ||||||||||
| Lifetime breast-feeding (mo) | 27.9 | 20.6 | 11.4 | 7.6 | <0.01 | 37.9 | 19.6 | 9.8 | 6.1 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Postmenopausal (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural menopause | 83.6 | 68.7 | 54.8 | 53.6 | <0.01 | |||||||||||||||
| Surgical menopause† | 5.8 | 17.0 | 22.1 | 29.2 | <0.01 | |||||||||||||||
| Unknown‡ | 10.6 | 14.3 | 23.0 | 17.2 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||||
| Age at natural menopause (y) | 47.6 | 47.3 | 48.4 | 48.8 | 0.03 | |||||||||||||||
| Use of hormone therapy (%) | 32.9 | 54.4 | 63.1 | 68.8 | <0.01 | |||||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 | 29.4 | 28.7 | 29.1 | 0.16 | 30.5 | 29.5 | 29.2 | 30.1 | 0.45 | ||||||||||
| Adult height (cm) | 155.3 | 155.6 | 156.2 | 159.5 | <0.01 | 152.8 | 154.2 | 155.1 | 156.9 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Lifetime physical activity (h/wk) | 22.8 | 20.1 | 19.5 | 14.7 | <0.01 | 21.9 | 19.6 | 17.5 | 17.9 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Alcohol consumption (g/d)§ | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 5.9 | <0.01 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Caloric intake (kcal/d)§ | 2,670 | 2,351 | 2,116 | 2,231 | <0.01 | 2,075 | 2,275 | 1,998 | 1,976 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
| Fat intake (g/d)§ | 80.2 | 72.1 | 68.2 | 84.8 | 0.46 | 61.2 | 69.3 | 64.7 | 73.6 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Fiber intake (g/d)§ | 38.8 | 31.8 | 24.8 | 20.4 | <0.01 | 31.5 | 31.7 | 25.8 | 21.1 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
NOTE: Acculturation index is age standardized to 10-year age distribution of the combined control population.
P for test of linear trend.
Bilateral oophorectomy (with or without hysterectomy) or hysterectomy with one-sided oophorectomy.
Women ages ≥55 years who either began using hormone therapy before the cessation of menses or had a hysterectomy without oophorectomy.
During the reference year.