Relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs for prostate cancer and total fish consumption assessed in 1986, 1990, and 1994 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–1998)
| Cancer status . | Total fish consumptiona . | . | . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | <2/mo . | 2/mo to 1/week . | 2–3/week . | >3/week . | |||
| All prostate cancer | |||||||
| Case/person-time | 320/73,601 | 487/99,162 | 1,181/232,606 | 494/110,076 | |||
| Age-adjusted RR | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | |||
| Multivariate RRb | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | |||
| Advanced prostate cancer | |||||||
| Case/person-time | 83/74,501 | 119/100,692 | 303/236,343 | 112/111,671 | |||
| Age-adjusted RR | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | 0.83 (0.60–1.06) | |||
| Multivariate RRb | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 1.14 (0.88–1.46) | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | |||
| Metastatic prostate cancer | |||||||
| Case/person-time | 50/74,640 | 47/101,081 | 130/237,189 | 51/111,993 | |||
| Age-adjusted RR | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) | 0.84 (0.60–1.16) | 0.59 (0.40–0.88) | |||
| Multivariate RRb | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.48–1.06) | 0.82 (0.58–1.16) | 0.56 (0.37–0.86) | |||
| Cancer status . | Total fish consumptiona . | . | . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | <2/mo . | 2/mo to 1/week . | 2–3/week . | >3/week . | |||
| All prostate cancer | |||||||
| Case/person-time | 320/73,601 | 487/99,162 | 1,181/232,606 | 494/110,076 | |||
| Age-adjusted RR | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | |||
| Multivariate RRb | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | |||
| Advanced prostate cancer | |||||||
| Case/person-time | 83/74,501 | 119/100,692 | 303/236,343 | 112/111,671 | |||
| Age-adjusted RR | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | 0.83 (0.60–1.06) | |||
| Multivariate RRb | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 1.14 (0.88–1.46) | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | |||
| Metastatic prostate cancer | |||||||
| Case/person-time | 50/74,640 | 47/101,081 | 130/237,189 | 51/111,993 | |||
| Age-adjusted RR | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) | 0.84 (0.60–1.16) | 0.59 (0.40–0.88) | |||
| Multivariate RRb | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.48–1.06) | 0.82 (0.58–1.16) | 0.56 (0.37–0.86) | |||
Total fish consumption comprises canned tuna, dark meat fish (mackerel, salmon, sardines, bluefish, and swordfish) and other, unspecified fish dishes.
Adjusted for age, calories, and fatty acids [saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, linoleic acid (18:2), α-linolenic acid (18:3), and trans-fatty acids], lycopene, retinol, vitamin D, and physical activity.