Characteristics of the cohort studies included in the pooled analysis of dietary energy-adjusted carotenoids and lung cancer
| Study . | Follow-up period . | Baseline cohort size . | Number of cases . | Mean (sd) μg/day . | . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | . | . | α-carotene . | β-carotene . | β-cryptoxanthin . | Lutein/Zeaxanthin . | Lycopene . | ||||
| α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study | ||||||||||||
| Men | 1985–1996 | 6771a | 298 | 527 (505) | 1758 (1262) | 25 (30) | 1146 (328) | 645 (597) | ||||
| Canadian National Breast Screening Study | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1980–1993 | 56837 | 149 | 986 (818) | 4619 (2939) | 79 (58) | 3037 (3096) | 8891 (8933) | ||||
| Health Professionals Follow-up Study | ||||||||||||
| Men | 1986–1996 | 44350 | 244 | 980 (1036) | 5159 (3591) | 88 (103) | 3949 (3013) | 10844 (7795) | ||||
| Iowa Women’s Health Study | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1986–1996 | 33828 | 433 | 773 (820) | 4527 (3147) | 74 (71) | 2795 (2832) | 4180 (4267) | ||||
| Netherlands Cohort Study | ||||||||||||
| Women | 62412 | 131 | 685 (565) | 2901 (1501) | 206 (172) | 2448 (1028) | 1303 (1883) | |||||
| Men | 1986–1992 | 58279 | 843 | 687 (527) | 2960 (1453) | 155 (164) | 2550 (1120) | 1045 (1544) | ||||
| New York State Cohort | ||||||||||||
| Women | 21045 | 130 | 1144 (854) | 6346 (3384) | 247 (264) | 5998 (3790) | 5683 (4100) | |||||
| Men | 1980–1987 | 27936 | 392 | 1171 (865) | 6382 (3458) | 215 (273) | 6025 (3489) | 7274 (4764) | ||||
| Nurses’ Health Study (a) | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1980–1986 | 88307 | 156 | 723 (838) | 4424 (3629) | 104 (92) | 5086 (5289) | 5255 (5305) | ||||
| Nurses’ Health Study (b) | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1986–1996 | 68307b | 379 | 764 (637) | 4273 (2403) | 62 (62) | 3531 (2553) | 9643 (6133) | ||||
| Total number | 399765 | 3155 | ||||||||||
| Study . | Follow-up period . | Baseline cohort size . | Number of cases . | Mean (sd) μg/day . | . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | . | . | α-carotene . | β-carotene . | β-cryptoxanthin . | Lutein/Zeaxanthin . | Lycopene . | ||||
| α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study | ||||||||||||
| Men | 1985–1996 | 6771a | 298 | 527 (505) | 1758 (1262) | 25 (30) | 1146 (328) | 645 (597) | ||||
| Canadian National Breast Screening Study | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1980–1993 | 56837 | 149 | 986 (818) | 4619 (2939) | 79 (58) | 3037 (3096) | 8891 (8933) | ||||
| Health Professionals Follow-up Study | ||||||||||||
| Men | 1986–1996 | 44350 | 244 | 980 (1036) | 5159 (3591) | 88 (103) | 3949 (3013) | 10844 (7795) | ||||
| Iowa Women’s Health Study | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1986–1996 | 33828 | 433 | 773 (820) | 4527 (3147) | 74 (71) | 2795 (2832) | 4180 (4267) | ||||
| Netherlands Cohort Study | ||||||||||||
| Women | 62412 | 131 | 685 (565) | 2901 (1501) | 206 (172) | 2448 (1028) | 1303 (1883) | |||||
| Men | 1986–1992 | 58279 | 843 | 687 (527) | 2960 (1453) | 155 (164) | 2550 (1120) | 1045 (1544) | ||||
| New York State Cohort | ||||||||||||
| Women | 21045 | 130 | 1144 (854) | 6346 (3384) | 247 (264) | 5998 (3790) | 5683 (4100) | |||||
| Men | 1980–1987 | 27936 | 392 | 1171 (865) | 6382 (3458) | 215 (273) | 6025 (3489) | 7274 (4764) | ||||
| Nurses’ Health Study (a) | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1980–1986 | 88307 | 156 | 723 (838) | 4424 (3629) | 104 (92) | 5086 (5289) | 5255 (5305) | ||||
| Nurses’ Health Study (b) | ||||||||||||
| Women | 1986–1996 | 68307b | 379 | 764 (637) | 4273 (2403) | 62 (62) | 3531 (2553) | 9643 (6133) | ||||
| Total number | 399765 | 3155 | ||||||||||