Issues

The tetravalent anti-PD-L1/OX40 bispecific antibody (EMB-09) is designed to augment both peripheral and tumor-associated immune responses, thereby boosting anti-tumor immunity. By simultaneously targeting PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and OX40 on T cells, EMB-09 enhances the tumor antigen presentation process within the peripheral immune system, thereby activating a larger number of effector memory T cells that subsequently migrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, EMB-09 further augments anti-tumor immunity by blocking PD-L1 on tumor cells and activating OX40 on tumor-infiltrating T cells. See graphical abstract and read the full article on page 317.