Selected Articles from This Issue

Suitable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) preclinical models are lacking given genetically-engineered prostate cancer mouse models incompletely recapitulate human disease, and xenograft models are devoid of intact immunity. In their study, Kostlan and colleagues subcutaneously injected mCRPC cells from xenografts into huNOG mice engrafted with human CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem cells, as well as huNOG-EXL mice, which exhibit enhanced human myeloid cell persistence. As reported in clinical settings, surgical castration and enzalutamide treatment decreased xenograft metastasis according in bioluminescent imaging in huNOG mice, while the same therapeutic approaches did not decrease metastasis in immunocompromised NOG mice. Flow cytometry revealed T-cell infiltration into tumors from enzalutamide-treated mice, suggesting an immune component to the enzalutamide anti-metastatic effect. Conversely, enzalutamide did not decrease metastasis in huNOG-EXL mice, which displayed myeloid tumor infiltration in the absence of enzalutamide-mediated T-cell recruitment. Finally, combined enzalutamide and immunotherapy slowed tumor growth uniquely in huNOG mice. Overall, this...