Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is recognized as a heterogeneous disease that can be cured in up to 60–70% of the cases with upfront therapy. However, relapsed/refractory DLBCL (R/R DLBCL) still represents a great clinical challenge. Palazón-Carrión and colleagues conducted an open label multicenter phase 2 trial (R2-GDP-GOTEL) testing the synergism of combination lenalidomide (LEN) and rituximab (R2) plus gemcitabine, cisplatin, dexamethasone (R2-GDP schedule) in R/R DLBCL patients, not suitable for autologous stem cell transplantation. Results suggest that LEN in combination with R-GDP (R2-GDP schedule) is an immunomodulatory treatment option with manageable toxicity and promising clinical activity, with high proportion of complete responses and favorable survival outcomes in patients with R/R DLBCL. Additionally, evolution of MDSC and Treg in peripheral blood seem an alternative for monitoring immune profiling that is related to clinical outcomes of overall survival and complete responses.

In the first-in-human phase I/II ICONIC trial, Yap and colleagues...

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