Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a lethal malignancy and is an increasingly common cause of cancer death worldwide. Curative-intent surgical resection remains the standard of care for eligible patients, yet outcomes remain poor for many patients, with most patients experiencing recurrence in the 5 years after resection. There is currently significant interest in using locoregional and systemic therapies—in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings—to increase the chance of cure. This review article appraises the existing literature and current clinical trial landscape of neoadjuvant therapies in HCC.

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