Druesne-Pecollo et al. Page 324

In this work, Druesne-Pecollo and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the strength of the association between alcohol drinking and second primary cancer risk in patients with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer. Alcohol drinking was associated with significantly increased risk of UADT second primary cancers. Significantly increased risks were also observed for all sites of second primary cancers. This work emphasizes the importance of prevention policies that encourage reduced alcohol drinking in UADT cancer patients.

Shiels et al. Page 274

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is uncommon in the United States; however, HL risk is elevated in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The HIV epidemic may have contributed substantially to the general population burden of HL. Shiels and colleagues used data from 14 U.S. cancer registries in the SEER Program that recorded HIV status of HL cases at diagnosis during 2000 to 2010. The authors report that 3.79% of HL cases were HIV-infected at diagnosis. In addition, the authors report that HIV is an important cause of death among HL cases.

Fujioka et al. Page 282

Brassica vegetable consumption may be protective against cancer, due to glucosinolates, which are precursors of indole-3-carbinol (I3C). Fujioka and colleagues conducted a trial to test whether DIM, found in urine after consumption of Brassica vegetables, is a marker of I3C uptake. Subjects were fed 50 g of either Brussels sprouts (high glucosinolates) or cabbage (low glucosinolates) once daily for three days. All urine was collected and urinary DIM was measured using LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM. Urinary DIM was consistently and significantly higher after Brussels sprouts feeding compared to cabbage feeding. DIM may be used as a biomarker for vegetable intake.

Tillmans et al. Page 350

Cigarette smoking, hormone therapy (HT), and folate intake all influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To explore the mechanisms behind this, Tillmans and colleagues examined smoking, HT, folate-associated CRC risks, and TP53 protein expression among Iowa Women's Health Study participants. Self-reported exposure variables were assessed at baseline, incident CRC cases were ascertained using the Iowa Cancer Registry, and TP53 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Longer duration (> 5 years) of HT was inversely associated with TP53-high CRCs. No other statistically significant associations were observed. These data support heterogeneous effects from HT on TP53-related pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis in older women.