Molecular histopathology is performed with Spectrally-Reconstructed Nonlinear Interferometric Vibrational Imaging (SR–NIVI), a new spatially–resolved microspectroscopy technique based on coherent anti–Stokes Raman scattering that rapidly generates color-coded histological images based on intrinsic molecular vibrational contrast to characterize tissue with no external staining or molecular labeling. In the article by Chowdary and colleagues, SR–NIVI is used to quantitatively differentiate with high accuracy cancer from healthy tissue and define cancer boundaries in a preclinical breast cancer model. With advancing efforts in compact laser sources and beam delivery systems, in vivo molecular histopathology applications using SR-NIVI are possible. For details, see the article by Chowdary and colleagues on page 9562 of this issue.