Issues
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Cover Image
Cover Image
Obesity increases colon cancer risk, but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, hampering development of mechanism-based strategies to prevent obesity-associated colon cancer. In the study starting on page 481, Bowers, et al. showed dietary weight loss and/or anti-inflammatory drug treatment mitigate the protumor effects of diet-induced obesity in a mouse model of colon carcinogenesis. Specifically, they assessed the impact of three interventions on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in obese mice: 1) dietary treatment with the NSAID sulindac; 2) weight loss via switch from the obesity regimen to low-fat diet; and 3) weight loss and sulindac combined. The weight loss regimen and sulindac treatment each diminished the protumor effects of obesity, and their combined effects were additive. Transcriptomic profiling suggested both interventions promote an anti-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. To interrogate links between obesity-related gut dysbiosis and the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of weight loss and/or sulindac, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples was performed. The cover image, adapted from Fig. 6A, depicts principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the 16S sequence data, which along with detailed assessment of microbial diversity and phyla and genus abundance, indicate gut microbial taxa are modulated by both sulindac and weight loss in obese mice in association with reduced colon carcinogenesis. - PDF Icon PDF LinkTable of Contents
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Highlights from the Literature
Commentary
Research Articles
Weight Loss and/or Sulindac Mitigate Obesity-associated Transcriptome, Microbiome, and Protumor Effects in a Murine Model of Colon Cancer
Obesity is a colon cancer risk and/or progression factor, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein we demonstrate that obesity enhances murine colon carcinogenesis and expression of numerous tumoral procancer and immunosuppressive pathways. Moreover, we establish that weight loss via LFD and/or the NSAID sulindac mitigate procancer effects of obesity.
Associations between Preserved Foods and Breast Cancer Risk in Hong Kong Chinese Women
The main finding of this case–control study, an association between cured meat intake and a higher risk of breast cancer in Hong Kong Chinese women, contributes to the growing evidence for population-level health benefits of reducing cured meat consumption.
Incident Cancer Risk and Signatures Among Older MUTYH Carriers: Analysis of Population-Based and Genomic Cohorts
Despite absence of loss of heterozygosity in colorectal cancers, elderly male MUTYH carriers appeared to be at increased of colorectal cancer.
Plasma Metabolomics Analysis of Aspirin Treatment and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas
This research used metabolomics, an innovative discovery-based approach, to identify molecular changes in human blood that may help to explain how aspirin use reduces the risk of colorectal neoplasia in some individuals. Ultimately, this work could have important implications for optimizing aspirin use in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
Retention and Evaluation of Precision and Generic Prevention Materials for Melanoma: A Qualitative Study Comparing Young Adults and Adults
It is important to evaluate information within groups defined by periods of the life trajectory, e.g., AYA and adults, to best inform preferences, knowledge, and motivation for behavior change. By assessing retention, evidence-based interventions can be designed to better support public health messaging and encourage positive health behaviors.
Combined Performance of Fecal Immunochemical Tests and a Genetic Risk Score for Advanced Neoplasia Detection
In our study, combining polygenic risk score with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) did not improve diagnostic accuracy for advanced colorectal neoplasia detection compared with FIT alone. So far, such a combination cannot be recommended because it would come at extra costs and effort despite no relevant gain in neoplasia detection.
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