Issues
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Cover Image
Cover Image
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death, a simpler strategy for controlling CRC including chemoprevention is desirable. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are widely used drugs to treat allergic asthma, and they have recently been suggested to have a suppressive effect on carcinogenesis and cancer cell proliferation. In the article starting on page 661, Higurashi and colleagues demonstrated for the first-time in a clinical trial that eight-week treatment with LTRA suppressed the formation of colorectal aberrant crypt foci (a surrogate biomarker of CRC) and the proliferation of cells in colonic epithelium with no severe adverse events. The cover image shows that the Ki-67 labeling index was significantly decreased from baseline (upper left) to eight-week (upper right) treatment with LTRA. Conversely, the Ki-67 labeling index was unchanged in the observation group (bottom left: baseline; bottom right: eight-week). LTRAs are possible candidates for chemoprevention of CRC. - PDF Icon PDF LinkTable of Contents
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Highlights from the Literature
Spotlights
Commentary
Collaboration to Promote Research and Improve Clinical Care in the Evolving Field of Childhood Cancer Predisposition
Research Brief
Cost-Effectiveness of Waiving Coinsurance for Follow-Up Colonoscopy after a Positive Stool-Based Colorectal Screening Test in a Medicare Population
Follow-up colonoscopy after a positive stool-based test is necessary to complete the colorectal cancer-screening process. This analysis demonstrated that in a simulated Medicare population, waiving coinsurance for a follow-up colonoscopy improved estimated outcomes and was cost-effective when it was assumed that waiving the coinsurance modestly increased screening adherence.
Research Articles
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Therapy for the Chemoprevention of Human Rectal Aberrant Crypt Foci: Nonrandomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial
We conducted the first LTRA chemoprevention trial for human rectal ACFs, which is considered a surrogate marker of colorectal carcinogenesis. 8-week treatment with LTRA suppressed ACF formation and cell proliferation in colonic epithelium. LTRAs are possible candidates for chemoprevention in colorectal cancer.
Association of Plasma Iron Status with Subsequent Risk of Total and Site-Specific Cancer: A Large Case–Cohort Study within JPHC Study
High ferritin and low hepcidin levels in the plasma were associated with increased liver cancer risk. Evaluating iron metabolism including hepcidin levels may help identify people with high liver cancer risk.
Transcriptomic Response to Calcium in Normal Colon Organoids is Impacted by Colon Location and Sex
A chemopreventive role for calcium in colorectal cancer is still unclear. Here, we identify mechanisms through which calcium supplementation may reduce risk. Calcium supplementation increased differentiation and altered expression of colorectal cancer-related genes in a large study of patient-derived colon organoids. These findings were influenced by colon location and sex.
Patient and Provider Web-Based Decision Support for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
In this randomized controlled trial of decision support for 300 high-risk women and 50 healthcare providers, we did not observe a significant increase in chemoprevention uptake, which remained low at under 5%. However, these decision support tools may increase knowledge and informed choice about breast cancer chemoprevention.
Letters to the Editor
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