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1 August 2020
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Cover Image
Cover Image
The gut microbiota are trillions of microorganisms that physically interact with human intestinal and immune cells and functionally impact numerous physiological systems. The intestinal microflora significantly impact both the efficacy and toxicity of endogenous compounds and therapeutic agents. In the commentary beginning on page 635, Ervin and Redinbo proposed that the reactions performed by the gut microbiota be called "Phase IV metabolism", an extension of human Phase I-III drug and endobiotic metabolic systems. Phase IV metabolism contributes to cancer etiology by performing crucial transformations on the products of human drug and endobiotic metabolism. The authors further proposed that inhibition of Phase IV reactions would limit tumor initiation and progression, representing a new way to control cancer etiology. The cover image depicts products of human Phase I-III metabolism in the liver undergoing Phase IV metabolism - molecules on the top are converted to those on the bottom by microbes in the intestine.Close Modal - PDF Icon PDF LinkTable of Contents
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ISSN 1940-6207
EISSN 1940-6215
Issue Sections
Commentary
Review
An Integrated Approach for Preventing Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers: Two Etiologies with Distinct and Shared Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Karam El-Bayoumy; Neil D. Christensen; Jiafen Hu; Raphael Viscidi; Douglas B. Stairs; Vonn Walter; Kun-Ming Chen; Yuan-Wan Sun; Joshua E. Muscat; John P. Richie, Jr.
Research Articles
Analysis of the Transcriptome: Regulation of Cancer Stemness in Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ by Vitamin D Compounds
Naing Lin Shan; Audrey Minden; Philip Furmanski; Min Ji Bak; Li Cai; Roman Wernyj; Davit Sargsyan; David Cheng; Renyi Wu; Hsiao-Chen D. Kuo; Shanyi N. Li; Mingzhu Fang; Hubert Maehr; Ah-Ng Kong; Nanjoo Suh
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