Abstract
Ovarian cancer risk is known to be influenced by highly penetrant mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, these are rare in the population and collectively account for around 10% of cases. Since these genes account for less than 50% of the familial risk of ovarian cancer, other loci must surely exist. Genome wide association studies have contributed to the identification of at least six additional chromosomal regions harboring common genetic variants that are associated with modest levels of risk increase or decrease. The knowledge of Mendelian and oligogenic susceptibility genes lays the foundation for risk-appropriate preventive interventions. Several options have already been identified through epidemiologic research, ranging from relatively innocuous strategies such as use of oral contraceptives, to more invasive surgical approaches such as tubal ligation and oophorectomy, each with varying degrees of effectiveness as well as complication rates and side effects. The level of genetic risk should inform decisions and strategies as to the appropriate intervention. However, there is a need for less invasive prevention strategies, especially chemoprevention. Finally, more progress is needed in the translation and dissemination of risk assessment to risk reduction in the clinical practice and public health settings.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):CN02-02.
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