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A spatial survey of gene expression and proteomic changes in early-stage colorectal cancer reveals molecular and immunological features during tumorigenesis. Using digital spatial profiling and imaging mass cytometry, Roelands et al. analyzed normal, precancerous, and cancerous tissue samples from patients with early-stage disease and identified differentially expressed genes in the epithelium and stromal segments. They found that innate immune responses were activated early during malignant transformation, and there was a shift of immune cell composition from pro-inflammatory to immune-suppressive macrophage populations from normal tissue through dysplasia to cancer. These findings shed light on the stepwise progression of colorectal cancer and suggest that the approach could aid in identifying biomarkers for early detection and interception.

Roelands J, … de Miranda NFCC. Gut. 2022 Nov 28:gutjnl-2022-327608.