See article, p. 40

Triggering adenosine 2A receptors (A2AR) on the cell surface can suppress the antitumor effects of various immune cells, making A2AR signaling a potentially useful immunotherapy target. Fong and colleagues conducted a phase I clinical trial of the small-molecule A2AR antagonist ciforadenant alone or in combination with the anti–PD-L1 therapy atezolizumab. Sixty-eight patients with advanced, treatment-refractory renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with a median number of prior treatments of three were enrolled in the trial, with 33 patients receiving ciforadenant monotherapy and 35 patients receiving ciforadenant plus atezolizumab. Ciforadenant was generally well tolerated, with fatigue, pruritis, and decreased appetite being the most common treatment-related adverse effects in both the monotherapy and combination-therapy groups. RECIST-defined partial responses occurred in 3% of patients (one of 33) and 11% of patients (four of 35) receiving monotherapy and combination therapy, respectively. Notably, the estimated overall survival after a 25-month follow-up period was...

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